1. War Without Mercy: The Pacific Theater Mr. Johnson U.S. History & World History Created by Prof. John Tucker (ECU) & John Johnson (HCHS)

2. Objectives N.C. Standard Course of Study World History Objective 5.03 – Analyze the causes and course of World War II and evaluate it as the end of one era and the beginning of another U.S. History Objective 10.02 - Identify military, political, and diplomatic turning points of the war and determine their significance to the outcome and aftermath of the conflict.

3. The War in China Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945

4. “Rape of Nanjing”

5. Mao Zedong & Chiang Kai-Shek

6. US Aid

7. December 7, 1941: “A Date Which Will Live in Infamy”

11. FDR’s Pearl Harbor Address Click here Click here for text and audio of the address

12. U.S. Enters the War Allied strategy: “Germany first”

13. War in the Pacific: Island Hopping

14. American Commanders Gen. Douglas MacArthur U.S. Army Adm. Chester Nimitz U.S. Navy

15. Farthest Japanese Advance

16. Important Battles Invasion of Philippines, 1941 – Japanese seize control; Bataan death march Coral Sea, 1942 – Stopped Japanese expansion in South Pacific Midway, 1942 – Stopped Japanese expansion in mid-Pacific Guadalcanal, 1943 – First major landing of U.S. troops… island hopping Leyte Gulf, 1944 – Major defeat for Japanese navy, U.S. liberation of Philippines Iwo Jima & Okinawa, 1944-1945 – Small islands close to Japan, kamikaze attacks, bomber bases!!! 4 3 1 2 5 6

23. Desperation: Kamikaze & Kaiten

24. Kaiten – “Shaking of the Heavens”

25. Kamikaze – “Divine Wind”

28. The Manhattan Project: Developing the Atomic Bomb

29. Incendiary Bombing – 1945 66 Japanese cities were devastated by fire- bombing raids Incendiary bombs: meant to demoralize and cause mass destruction – “total war” Total casualties from incendiary bombings: −241,000 killed −313,000 wounded

30. Incendiary Bombing – 1945 Tokyo51% Tokohama58% Toyama99% Nagoya40% Osaka35% Kure42% Kobe56% Omuta36% Wakayama50% Okayama69% Nishinomiya12% Shimonoseki38% Kawasaki35% Yawata21% Kagoshima63% Amagasaki19%

31. F.D.R. approved the development of the atomic bomb – “Manhattan Project” died April 12, 1945

32. Harry S. Truman VP for less than 3 months Knew nothing about the development of the atomic bomb Saw the atomic bomb as a way to save American lives

33. Atomic Politics Potsdam Conference (July 1945) −Japan was clearly defeated, but would not surrender −U.S., U.K. and K.M.T. China call for unconditional Japanese surrender −Japanese military refused to surrender, hoping that U.S.S.R. would help with a diplomatic settlement The Manhattan Project −Robert Oppenheimer and Los Alamos −Trinity test explosion

34. Oppenheimer & Los Alamos

36. July 16, 1945, 5:29:45 am First man-made atomic explosion “Trinity” “I am become Death, destroyer of worlds.” -Oppenheimer

37. General Leslie Groves “The Atomic General” saw use of atomic bomb as a preferable to Soviet entry into the Pacific war

38. Bomb Directive Selected targets: −Hiroshima −Kokura −Niigata −Nagasaki Cities relatively undamaged by previous bombing raids were selected

39. Tongues of Fire: Hiroshima & Nagasaki

41. The Two Atomic Bombs August 6, 1945, 8:15 am Hiroshima – “Little Boy” bomb −one bomb: 100,000 dead immediately 100,000 more dead in five years August 9, 1945, 11:02 am Nagasaki – “Fat Man” bomb −one bomb: 70,000 dead immediately 70,000 more dead in five years

42. Hiroshima

43. Nagasaki

44. Effects of the Atomic Bomb temperature at hypocenter: 5,400° F “a silent flash” to close observers, resulting in death or severe burns black rain massive fire long term effects – “radiation sickness,” blood and bone cancers, miscarriages, birth defects, lesions, etc.

48. V-J Day: Surrender & Occupation

50. V-J Day – Times Square, NY

51. U.S. Occupation of Japan