1. Cold War Bernard Baruch coined the term “cold war”

2. Who started the Cold War? Period of political tensions lasting until the 1980s Ideological struggle (US)Capitalism vs. (Soviet Union) Communism Became rivals when common enemies were defeated

3. Yalta Conference February 1945 – Stalin wanted to create a buffer zone (pro-soviet satellite states)between the Soviet Union and the West – “free elections” – US needed the Soviet Unions help against Japan

4. Potsdam Conference July 1945 US/Soviet Tensions – Truman and Churchill insisted on free elections in Eastern Europe – Stalin began forming his pro-soviet buffer zone (military occupation)

5. Superpower Country with military power and political influence US became a superpower after WWII USSR- “incomplete superpower” Struggle to maintain power led to Cold War

6. “iron curtain” March 1946 Churchill describing post war Soviet policy in Eastern Europe What is the message of Churchill’s speech? What example does he use to justify his message?

7. Greece Civil War created tensions between the Soviet Union and Great Britain December 1946-US begins plans for British withdraw from Greece What plan did the US decide upon?

8. Truman Doctrine March 1947 Result of Great Britain withdrawing aid from Greece US would provide money to countries threatened by Communist expansion Anticommunist support

9. Dean Acheson Compared spread of Communism to an infection US Propaganda Films What can we do to fight Communism?

10. Containment Developed by US Diplomat George Kennan “Long Telegram” Policy adopted by the US toward the Soviets to stop the spread of Communism

11. European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan) June 1947 Designed to restore economic stability of European nations after WWII US effort to rebuild war-torn Europe Why did the US continue to intervene in European affairs after the war? How does the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan relate to containment?

12. Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) Soviets response to the Marshall Plan Failed because Soviets could not provide large amounts of foreign aid

13. Post War Germany Divided into four zones Berlin located inside Soviet zone

14. Berlin Berlin divided into four zones US, GB, France plan to join zones to create West Germany Why would a united West Germany be a threat to the Soviet Union?

15. Berlin Airlift 1948-Berlin Blockade Tactic used to overcome a Soviet blockade

16. West/East Germany September 1949 Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) German Democratic Republic (East Germany)

17. West Germany Chancellor-German head of state Led by Konrad Adenauer Experienced an “economic miracle” after WWII

18. East Germany Capital: East Berlin One party state under Soviet control Economic struggles

19. German Unification East and West Germany were unified in 1990

20. Postwar Japan Allied occupation after surrender Administered by General Douglas MacArthur Experienced tremendous economic recovery

21. US after the War World military presence Nuclear monopoly until 1949 Economic boom – High production – High consumption

22. Consumer society Increase in workers’ wages Increased credit Built-up demand for postwar goods Household with TV – 1949-2.3% – 1962-90%

23. “baby boom” Official start Jan. 1, 1946 Rise in postwar birth rates in the late 1940s and 1950s First “baby boomer” turned 65-Jan 1, 2011

24. Women’s Rights Movement Worked in factories during the war Served in the military Discrimination continued – Wages – Occupation National Organization of Women (NOW)-1966

25. Segregation Separation, for example, by race Plessey v. Ferguson – “separate but equal” Schools, bathrooms, restaurants, buses

26. Great Britain/France after the War Loss of colonial power Defeat of Axis powers Created vacuums (voids) around the world

27. Great Britain Clement Attlee Set out to create modern British welfare state Government provides services and a minimum living standard to all Declined militarily after WWII

28. France Charles de Gaulle First President of France’s Fifth Republic Return France to a world power by developing nuclear weapons

29. Soviet Union after the War Soviets would not allow Eastern European satellites to gain independence

30. Joseph Stalin Promoted growth of heavy industry over consumer goods after WWII Manufacture of machines and equipment for factories and mines Died-1953

31. 1949

32. Arms race 1949-Soviets develop nuclear capabilities US Deterrence Policy – Threat of nuclear attack prevented war – Thermonuclear weapons 1940-1997-$5.4 Trillion invested

33. China Chinese Nationalists and Communists had been battling sine the 1930s Mao Zedong and the People’s Liberation Army take control 1949 What effect did this event have on the United States?

34. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization April 1949 Collective security article was first invoked in 9/11/2001

35. Red Scare 1950s Anti-communist movement led by Senator Joseph McCarthy

36. Korean War Divided at the 38 th Parallel after WWII Communist North Korea’s attempted take over of South Korea UN forces led by US push into North Korea China sends troops into North Korea

37. Dwight D. Eisenhower Elected 1952

38. Nikita Khrushchev Takes over after Stalin Soviet leader who built the Berlin Wall De-Stalinization – Khrushchev's policy of undoing his predecessor’s more ruthless policies

39. Brown v. Board of Education Topeka (1954) Supreme Court overturns Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal is inherently unequal” Many states ignored/fought integration – “Southern Manifesto” – George Wallace-Univ. of Alabama (1963) Groundwork for 1950’s and 1960’s Civil Rights Movement

40. Resistance De Jure- “concerning law” De Facto- “by practice” President Dwight Eisenhower – “Where we have to change the hearts of men we cannot do it by cold lawmaking, but must make these changes by appealing to reason, by prayer, and by constantly working at it through our own efforts.”

41. Civil Rights Movement 1955-Emmet Till 1956-Montgomery Bus Boycott 1957 – Martin Luther King Jr. – Federal troops used to desegregate Little Rock Central High School – Movement slows because of Cold War focus (Sputnik)

42. Bloc Group of nations with a common purpose

43. Warsaw Pact 1955 Military alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations

44. SEATO 1955 Alliance designed to prevent spread of Communism in Southeast Asia

45. CENTO 1955 Central Treaty Organization Middle East Treaty Organization Alliance designed to prevent Soviet expansion in the Middle East

46. Sputnik I 1957 First space satellite US feared the Soviets were ahead on missile production

47. Explorer 1

48. EEC

49. Civil Rights Movement 1960-Greensboro, NC

50. John F. Kennedy US President involved in Cuban missile crisis

51. Real wages Actual purchasing power of income

52. Fidel Castro Communist leader of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis

53. Bay of Pigs US attempt to overthrow the Cuban government

54. Berlin Wall Build to prevent East Germans from defecting to West Germany

55. Cuban Missile Crisis

56. Martin Luther King Jr

57. Lyndon B. Johnson Signed the Civil Rights Act 1964 and CRA 1965 Increased troops sent to Vietnam in 1964

58. Domino theory

59. Vietnam War

60. Counter culture

61. Student protests Were reactions to: – Vietnam War – University policies and administration – Alienation of the individual from society

62. Richard Nixon Resumed relations with China after Vietnam War

63. Kent State University 1970 Four students killed by Ohio National Guard during antiwar demonstration