2. Pruning

3. Terms wpwpruning - removal of parts of the top or root systems of plants wfwfruit spur - stubby, fruit bearing twig

4. wtwtranslocation - movement of water and soluble minerals from one part of the plant to another

5. wiwinhibit - prohibit or slow action whwhormones - chemical compounds produced by plant. Regulate plant functions

6. wtwtwig - very small branch of a tree wcwcane - stem of various fruits. Ex: raspberry

7. wswshoot - small outgrowth on a bush

8. Facts wgwgenerally has no specific season wcwcontinuous process wswserves a purpose for the plant

9. wewenhances ornamental value wgwgenerally prune with natural form of the plant, not against it

10. Purposes wrwremove diseased, dead, or damaged limbs wrwrestrict or promote growth wdwdevelop certain forms of growth

11. Methods of pruning wrwroot wswshoot or stem

12. Stem pruning wrwreduces amount of growth wiwinfluences vegetative reproductive balance of the plant wrwreduces plant size, yield, and total amount of growth

13. wIwIncreases supply of essential elements to the points of growth that remain

14. wpwpromotes the making of cells and the utilization of carbohydrates wswstimulates vegetative phase, retards reproductive phase

15. Root pruning wawaffects total amount of growth made wrwreduces amount of available essential elements - causes dwarfing

16. wiwinfluences vegetative reproductive balance of plant wpwpromotes root growth

17. wfwfavors reproduction, retards vegetative phase wuwused to prepare plants for transplanting

18. Top Pruning whwheading back wtwthinning out

19. Heading back wtwterminal - top portion is removed wswstimulates development of more points of growth

20. wiwinduces compact, dense, or branched type of growth wrwremoves hormones that inhibit branching

21. Thinning out wewentire twig, cane, or shoot is removed wdwdoes not prevent development of lateral buds wiwinduces open type of growth

22. General rules wuwuse correct tools for the job wpwprune back to existing bud or to a side branch wnwnever leave a stub!!!!!!!!!!

23. wcwcut larger limbs in three steps wdwdraw the illustration on the board silly teacher! :)

24. General Rules wpwpruning in summer results in greater dwarfing than pruning in late winter months

25. wbwbuy and plant trees and shrubs that have the characteristics and shape that you want

26. Pruning tools wtwthumb and forefinger wpwpinch off shoots wpwpinch off unwanted buds, long stems, and fruit spurs wswsnap off faded blooms or seed pods

27. Edgers wewenable user to stand and cut the edges of lawns wawalso used on ground covers

28. Grass Shear wuwused to cut grass around sidewalks, driveways and planting beds

29. Lopping Shears wuwuse when added leverage is needed wuwused for reaching into trees wswsmall branches or twigs

30. Pruning Shears wmwmany types

31. Hedge Shears whwhand operated wewelectric or gas powered

32. Pruning Saws wcwcut quickly wuwuseful in overhead work wswstraight or curved

33. Pole Pruners & Saws wuwused to cut or saw branches high overhead wtwtelescoping - go up to 18 feet

34. How and When wDwDeciduous Shade Trees when - dormant - early spring before leafing out wewexception - bleeder trees - Mid June

35. Bleeder trees wSwSugar Maple

36. What to look for wCwCentral Leader - single leader wmwmultiple leaders - narrow crotch angles in time will break

37. What to Look for wswscaffold branches wcwcrotch angle 45-90 degrees wlwlimbs spirally arranged wpwprune off lower limbs 8-10 feet high

38. wdwdistance vertically between scaffold branches wlwlowest branch on SW side wrwremove suckers - weak wood wrwremove hangers

39. wrwremove water sprouts wrwremove parts growing in toward center of trees

40. Fruit Tree Pruning wswspurs - majority of fruit production is borne on spurs wowopen tree up to let light into spurs wswspurs bear fruit every other year

41. Evergreens wdwdont respond well to pruning wbwbroadleaf - like deciduous flowering shrubs

42. Evergreens wnwneedle types - pines, spruce, fir, juniper, yews, respond better wswspruce or fir - single needle prune back to 1/4 inch above axillary bud

43. Junipers & Yews wawawl shaped needles wpwprune spring to mid summer when temperature is above freezing

44. Pine wcwcandle growth - new growth from tip of branches, milky green color wrwremove 1/3 to 1/2 of candle growth in the spring

45. Deciduous shrubs wswspring flowering - lilac, honeysuckle wswset flower buds during previous year wpwprune after flowering

46. Summer flowering wrwroses, hydrangia wswset flower buds same year that they flower in spring wpwprune before bud set

47. Deciduous shrubs wawavoid August and September pruning for all deciduous material