1. CHAPTER 2: Delivering the Presentation
Effective Presentation Skills
CHAPTER 2: Delivering the Presentation
Facilitator: Rafiullah Sherzad
Lecturer, Kardan Institute of Higher Education

2. Less is more. Keep it simple.
The Big Rule:
Tell them what you're going to tell them!
Tell them!
Tell them what you told them!
Try to have a good time - presenting can be hell or heaven, it's all up to you.
Less is more. Keep it simple.

3. Develop Image in an Interesting Manner
Steps Of Presentation
The Introduction
First Impressions
Credibility
Develop Image in an Interesting Manner
Do or Say Something In Accordance with The Occasion
Call For Attention
Invite Direct Involvement From The Audience
Surprise & Challenge The Audience & It’s Assumptions
Create Positive Impact By Exhibiting Proper Personal Basic

4. Structuring Your Speech
Steps Of Presentation
The Main Body
Structuring Your Speech
Break up the topic.
Have chronological order.
Go thro’ a problem & solution oriented approach.
Maintain The attention Of Your Audience.
Humor
Surprise element through questions.
Eliciting opinions from the audience.
Visual aids.
Short sentences & simple language.

5. Steps Of Presentation Review the benefits of each theme/topic.
Reiterate in strong, memorable words and phrases the crux of the presentation.
End with something the audience will remember.
Recommend
Conclude
Summerize

6. Presenting your presentation
Introduce yourself
always introduce yourself and your topic
briefly explain the process that you are going to follow with your presentation.
Be professional
your appearance (dress and grooming), the quality of your handouts and your visual presentation, etc., are very important.

7. Seven Tips To Open A Presentation
Something newsworthy
Startling fact or statistic
Compliment the audience
Share human interest/personal experience
Tell a joke – be very careful what sort of joke you tell
Cite a quote
- If you can’t make it simple, you don’t understand it
Refer to location

8. Signposting

9. Signposting
When you drive on the roads, you know where you are on those roads. Each road has a name or number. Each town has a name. And each house has a number. If you are at house № 100, you can go back to № 50 or forward to № 150. You can look at the signposts for directions. And you can look at your atlas for the structure of the roads in detail. In other words, it is easy to navigate the roads. You cannot get lost.
But when you give a presentation, how can your audience know where they are? How can they know the structure of your presentation? How can they know what is coming next? They know because you tell them. Because you put up signposts for them, at the beginning and all along the route. This technique is called 'signposting' (or 'signalling').

10. During your introduction, you should tell your audience what the structure of your presentation will be. You might say something like this:
“I‘ll start by describing the current position in Europe. Then I’ll move on to some of the achievements we‘ve made in Asia. After that I’ll consider the opportunities we see for further expansion in Africa. Lastly, I‘ll quickly recap before concluding with some recommendations."
A member of the audience can now visualize your presentation like this:
Introduction
Welcome
Explanation of
structure (now)
Body
Europe
Asia
Africa
Conclusion
Summing up
Recommendations

11. He will keep this image in his head during the presentation
He will keep this image in his head during the presentation. He may even write it down. And throughout your presentation, you will put up signposts telling him which point you have reached and where you are going now. When you finish Europe and want to start Asia, you might say:
"That's all I have to say about Europe. Let's turn now to Asia.“
When you have finished Africa and want to sum up, you might say:
"Well, we've looked at the three continents Europe, Asia and Africa. I'd like to sum up now."
And when you finish summing up and want to give your recommendations, you might say:
"What does all this mean for us? Well, firstly I recommend..."

12. Introducing the subject I'd like to start by... Let's begin by...
The table below lists useful expressions that you can use to signpost the various parts of your presentation.
Function
Language
Introducing the subject
I'd like to start by...
Let's begin by...
First of all, I'll...
Starting with...
I'll begin by...
Function
Language
Finishing one subject...
Well, I've told you about...
That's all I have to say
about...
We've looked at...
So much for...

13. Function
Language
...and starting another
Now we'll move on to...
Let me turn now to...
Next...
Turning to...
I'd like now to discuss...
Let's look now at...
Function
Language
Analyzing a point and giving recommendations
Where does that lead us?
Let's consider this in more
detail...
What does this mean for
ABC?
Translated into real
terms...

14. Function
Language
Giving an example
For example,...
A good example of this
is...
As an illustration,...
To give you an example,...
To illustrate this point...
Function
Language
Ordering
Firstly...secondly…thirdly
...lastly...
First of
all...then...next...after
that...finally...
To start with...later...to
finish up...

15. Function
Language
Dealing with questions
We'll be examining this
point in more detail later
on...
I'd like to deal with this
question later, if I may...
I'll come back to this
question later in my talk...
Perhaps you'd like to raise
this point at the end...
I won't comment on this
now...

16. Function
Language
Summarizing and concluding
In conclusion,...
Right, let's sum up, shall
we?
I'd like now to recap...
Let's summarize briefly
what we've looked at...
Finally, let me remind
you of some of the issues
we've covered...
If I can just sum up the
main points...

17. Signposting-Key Phrases

18. Key phrases Introducing
Good morning/good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, my name is…
The subject/topic of my presentation is…
In my presentation today I shall be dealing with…
What I'm going to talk about today is…
I'd like to give you a brief overview of…
The reason why I'm here today is to talk about…

19. Key phrases Why you are giving this presentation
The purpose of this presentation is ..
This is important because ...
My objective is to ...
Structuring
I've divided my talk into (four) main sections…
My presentation will be in (three) parts…
Let's start/begin with ...
First of all/Firstly, secondly, thirdly, then, after that, lastly/finally

20. Key phrases Referring to visuals
As you can see from the table (pie chart, graph, diagram, flow chart, pictogram…)
If you take a look at the graph here…
I'd like to illustrate this by showing you...
Moving on to a new point
Turning now to…
What I'd like to talk about now/next is…
Now I would like to describe…
Now let's move on to the next point which is…

21. Key phrases Giving more details
I'd like to expand on this aspect/problem/point
Let me elaborate on that
Would you like me to expand on/elaborate on that?
Changing to a different topic or referring to something which is off the topic
I'd like to turn to something completely different  
I'd like to digress here for a moment and just mention that ...

22. Key phrases Summarising and concluding
I'd like to recap the main points of my presentation      - first I covered…      - then we talked about…      - finally we looked at…
I'd  now like to sum up the main points which were:
To recapitulate what I've been saying…
So, to go over the main points again…
Conclusion
I'm going to conclude by... saying that/inviting you to/ quoting ...  
In conclusion, let me... leave you with this thought/invite you to
I'd like to conclude by saying….

23. Key phrases Thanking the audience and questions
Thank you for listening to me.
Thank you for your attention
I hope you have found my presentation useful
Finally, I'll be happy to answer your questions.  
Now I'd like to invite any questions you may have.
Do you have any questions?

24. Visual Aids

25. Effective Use Of Visual Aids – “Do”s
Limit The Number Of Aids You Use
Use It As An Aid Only
Be Comfortable In Using The Aid
Keep Your Visual Aids In A Position Of Maximum Visibility
Use The Pointer To Point, Not Accuse
If Using An OHP Or Slide Projector, Put It “ON” Only For The Duration For Which It Is Required

26. Effective Use Of Visual Aids – “Don’t”s
Do not put Excessive Information
Do not face the Visual Aid while using it
Do not try to talk and write at the same time
Do not stand in front of the Visual Aid
Do not leave blank illuminated screens, they Cause Distractions

27. Avoiding Boring Presentation

28. How to avoid a boring presentation?

29. How to avoid a boring presentation?
Work on vocal variety! Speak to the audience as if in a one-to-one conversation so as to sound more natural.
Lighten up! Add a bit of humor. There are lots of true and humorous anecdotes that would elicit laughter and get audience members on your side. Laughter will also ease a presenter’s tension.
Don’t tell us everything you know! We must not feel that we have to pack everything we know into one presentation. Usually covering three main points/topics is sufficient for a dynamic presentation.

30. How to avoid a boring presentation?
Use visual aid with care! Don’t read what audience members can see already - you lose their attention quickly. Also, boring visuals with lots of words and no graphics are a complete turnoff.
Involve the audience! Ask the audience questions and encourage them to ask us questions or make comments on your statements.
Prepare, prepare, prepare and practice, practice, practice! The more prepared you are, the more comfortable and enthusiastic you will be when presenting.
Work on all of these you’ll never, never, never be boring!

31. Dealing with Questions

32. Handling Objections / questions
Ask "friendly" questions - don't use questions to embarrass or harass others
Avoid asking risky questions - that is, questions that may indicate that other person lacks knowledge or intelligence
Don't let respondents wander or attempt to take control of the presentation; a polite "thank you, that's what I was looking for" can get you back on track
Avoid isolated one-on-one dialogues with specific individuals
When challenged, be candid and firm but avoid over responding
Maintain control of the session
Be firm and assertive without being aggressive or defensive
Don't let interruptions disrupt your composure

33. Handling questions and challenges
Anticipate questions and prepare responses
Rehearse answers to difficult questions
If necessary, offer to obtain additional information
Avoid rhetorical questions - ask interesting questions that are thought provoking but not too difficult to answer
Ask some open ended question with no right or wrong answers - encourage sharing experiences, feelings, opinions
Prepare key questions prior to the presentation; it is difficult to think of good questions on your feet

34. Handling questions and challenges (Contd…)
Guidelines for answering questions:
Anticipate Questions: think of the ten most likely questions and plan out your answer.
Understand the Question: paraphrase it if necessary; repeat it if needed.
Plan the Answer: particularly if you anticipated the question.
Do Not Digress.
Be Honest: if you can't answer the question, say so.
Reinterpret Loaded Questions: if attacked try to show the similarity to other situations.
Control Interchanges: if a member of the audience becomes a heckler try to enlist the audience; if a questioner digresses, try to remind the audience of the goal of the presentation
Use the Last Question to Summarize.

35. Dealing with questions
Some phrases which can be useful when you want to avoid questions:
That’s not really my field, but I can put you in touch with someone who is an expert in the field.
Well, I think that goes beyong the scope of today’s presentation.
I’m afraid we’ve run out of time.
I haven't got the precise information with me today.
That's not really for me to say.
This is not really the place to discuss that matter.
Perhaps that's a question for another meeting.