6. Japanese Geography

7. Japan: Physical Characteristics Japan’s four major islands are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku Japan actually consists of 1000s of islands The capital of Japan is Tokyo

8. Japan: Physical Characteristics Japan is a little smaller than California Japan’s climate varies greatly….Why? – Land is distributed North to South – Northern areas have climates similar to Portland – Southern areas have climates similar to the Bahamas

9. Physical Characteristics Much of Japan is covered in mountains or volcanoes. Population: 125 million – Most people live crowded along cities on the coast.

10. Japan: Land of Earthquakes Japan suffers through frequent earthquakes because of its position along the intersection of tectonic plates.

11. TSUNAMIS an unusually large sea wave produced by a seaquake or undersea volcanic eruption

13. JAPANESE TSUNAMI - MARCH 11, 2011 Pictures of destruction Video footage of tsunami 60 Minutes video

14. MT. FUJI

15. CREATION MYTH Gods thrust a spear into the ocean, drops of water fell to the surface and formed the islands

16. EARLY INHABITANTS HUNTER GATHERERS CAME TO JAPAN FROM THE MAINLAND (10,000 YEARS AGO)

17. CHINESE INFLUENCES Introduction of Buddhism to Japan in the 500s opened Japan up to Chinese influences Art, medicine, astronomy, philosophy, writing

18. SETTLING DOWN 710 - first permanent Japanese capital is built at Nara

19. SETTLING DOWN 794 - capital is moved to Heian (Kyoto) 1867 – capital is moved to Tokyo

20. NARA PERIOD (700s) Formal capital with palace, broad streets, public squares… Buddhism reaches its peak, does not replace Shinto First written literature (histories, poems) TODAJJI TEMPLE

21. HEIAN (KYOTO) PERIOD (800s – 1800s) Pursuit of beauty (poems, calligraphy, gift wrapping….) Women & literature (Tale of Genji) Political decay (warlords controlled local areas)

22. FEUDALISM A SYSTEM IN WHICH LARGE LANDOWNERS GIVE PROTECTION TO PEOPLE IN RETURN FOR THEIR SERVICES

23. MERCHANTS MERCHANTS MAKE AND SELL GOODS (FOOD, WEAPONS, ARMOR, CLOTHING…)

24. FARMERS/PEASANTS WORK THE DAIMYO’S (LORD’S) LAND IN RETURN FOR FOOD, SHELTER, AND PROTECTION

25. SAMURAI YOUR JOB IS TO COLLECT THE RICE FROM THE PEASANTS. IF THEY DO NOT HAVE ENOUGH RICE YOU MUST TAKE ONE AWAY AND EXECUTE THEM. IF THE RICE IS NOT GOOD QUALITY, YOU DO NOT HAVE TO ACCEPT IT. ANY PEASANT CAUGHT STEALING OR HIDING RICE IS ALSO EXECUTED. AFTER YOU HAVE TAKEN THE RICE YOU CAN GO TRADE YOUR RICE FOR GOODS FROM THE MERCHANTS. YOU SET THE PRICE (IN RICE) FOR THE GOODS, THE MERCHANT DOES NOT SET THE PRICE.

26. ARTISTANS/MERCHANTS YOUR JOB IS TO DRAW GOODS THE SAMURAI WANT: – SWORDS, ARMOR, SADDLES, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, CLOTHES, DISHES YOU ALSO MAKE THE GOODS THE ARTISANS HAVE CREATED AND TRADE THEM WITH THE SAMURAI FOR RICE. PRICES ARE SET BY THE SAMURAI, NOT THE MERCHANTS. IF THE PEASANTS HAVE ANY RICE LEFT OVER, THEY MAY ALSO TRADE WITH THE MERCHANTS.

27. ARTISANS YOUR JOB IS TO DRAW GOODS THE SAMURAI WANT: – SWORDS, ARMOR, SADDLES, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, CLOTHES, DISHES

28. PEASANTS YOUR JOB IS TO MAKE RICE. YOU HAVE TO WRITE THE WORD RICE IN ALL CAPITALS ON A PIECE OF PAPER AND DRAW A PICTURE OF RICE ON EACH PIECE OF PAPER. THE SAMURAI WILL COLLECT YOUR RICE AND YOU MUST SURRENDER ALL THAT THEY ASK FOR AND/OR SEE. HIDE ANY THAT YOU CAN SO YOU WILL HAVE ENOUGH TO EAT AND TRADE.

30. WARRIOR CULTURE

31. SHOGUN Means “General” Title given by the emperor in late 1100s Had military and political power “Shogunate” – military government

32. DAIMYO Land-owning warriors & highest ranking samurai (medieval lords) Daimyo offered protection to peasants who worked their land, in return the peasants paid taxes (feudalism) Samurai pledged their loyalty to a daimyo

33. SAMURAI Loyal to a daimyo Fought on horseback Loose fitting clothes/armor Bows, arrows, swords Honor, Honor, Honor (code of Bushido)

34. BUSHIDO Shoguns, daimyo, and samurai all followed the code of Bushido “The way of the warrior” – bravery, self-discipline, loyalty Dishonor or defeat led to ritual suicide (seppuku)

36. JAPANESE RELIGIONS ZEN BUDDHISM & SHINTOISM

37. ZEN TEMPLES

38. TOKYO

39. KYOTO

41. ZEN GARDENS

44. TOUR

45. ZEN MARTIAL ARTS ZEN MARTIAL ARTS

46. SHINTO SHRINES SHINTO SHRINES

51. ZEN OR SHINTO? 1.The ancient, traditional religion of Japan. It has no founder. 2.Worship kami. It is so old nobody remembers when exactly it began. 3.Came to Japan in 1191. 4.Meditation helps them purify their minds. 5.Has scripture but does not place a great deal of emphasis on it. 6. Worship at a shrine and the most famous is the shrine dedicated to the goddess Amaterasu. 7.Believe in many gods. 8.Individual experience/behavior is more important than scripture. Teachers can only help so much. 9.Is “a religion of nature”. 10.Strong connection with the martial arts.

52. ZEN OR SHINTO? 1.The ancient, traditional religion of Japan. It has no founder. S 2.Worship kami. It is so old nobody remembers when exactly it began. S 3.Came to Japan in 1191. Z 4.Meditation helps them purify their minds. Z 5.Has scripture but does not place a great deal of emphasis on it. Z 6. Worship at a shrine and the most famous is the shrine dedicated to the goddess Amaterasu. S 7.Believe in many gods. S 8.Individual experience/behavior is more important than scripture. Teachers can only help so much. Z 9.Is “a religion of nature”. S 10.Strong connection with the martial arts. Z

53. BY THE 1500S…. Japan was in turmoil Emperor and Shogun were figureheads Daimyo (warlords) were fighting against each other “the strongest eat the weak and become the meat” – Japanese saying of the time

54. TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE Began in 1600 when Tokugawa Ieyasu became Shogun (lasted for 250 yrs) Established his gov’t in Edo (Tokyo) Emperor remained in Kyoto but Tokugawa had the real power TOKUGAWA IEYASU

55. CHANGES UNDER THE TOKUGAWA…. 1.Divided Daimyo into 3 groups: a. Relatives (best lands near Edo) b. Long-time supporters c. Recent supporters 2.New rules for daimyo: a. Sankin-Kotai (“attendance by turn”) b. Permission to repair/build castles 3.Metsuke – officials who travelled the country to look for and report trouble 4. Seclusion Policy – can’t leave country, killed upon your return METSUKE

56. CONTACT WITH THE WEST 1500s – Europeans first come to Japan Early 1600s – Japanese cut off almost all trade (similar to Chinese response to the West) Get out! We don’t want you here!!!

57. IN THE 1850s MANY JAPANESE WERE HORRIFIED WHEN THEY SAW WHAT THEY THOUGHT WERE GIANT DRAGONS PUFFING SMOKE ON THE HORIZON Of THE PACIFIC OCEAN. WHILE THEIR FEARS OF A DRAGON WERE NEVER REALIZED, A SIGNIFICANT NEW ERA IN JAPANESE HISTORY HAD BEGUN. WHAT DO YOU THINK THE JAPANESE ACTUALLY SAW AND WHAT NEW ERA WAS BEGINNING?

58. COMMODORE MATTHEW PERRY 1853 – 4 American warships led by Perry sailed into Edo (Tokyo) Shogun decided to sign a treaty with the U.S. (why? – think China) In the next 5 years Japan signed treaties with Britain, France, Holland, Russia, and the U.S. (unequal treaties – think China again)

59. here is a lists of gifts exchanged between the American and Japanese upon Perry’s arrival. Put an A next to the gifts presented by the Americans and a J next to those presented by the Japanese. LifeboatsClocks SilkFarm Tools Unusual Sea ShellsTelegraph Wire Porcelain Tea SetsSoy Sauce Whiskey/winePistols/Swords Miniature RailroadTelescope Lacquer Boxes/TraysUmbrellas

60. Lifeboats (A)Clocks (A) Silk (J)Farm Tools (A) Unusual Sea Shells (J)Telegraph Wire (A) Porcelain Tea Sets (J)Soy Sauce (J) Whiskey/wine (A)Pistols/Swords (A) Miniature Railroad (A)Telescope (A) Lacquer Boxes/Trays (J)Umbrellas (J)

61. BLACK SHIPS FESTIVAL BLACK SHIPS FESTIVAL

62. OPENING THE DOOR TO JAPAN….. JAPANJAPAN By the mid 1800s the U.S. and European countries wanted to open up Japan Why? 1.Trade 2.Coaling port for steamships 3.Treatment for shipwrecked sailors

64. STUPID SHOGUN!!! WHY DID HE SIGN THOSE TREATIES? LET’S OVERTHROW HIM Samurai lords were furious with the treaties 1868 – group of samurai overthrew the Shogun and allied themselves with a new Emperor, Mutsuhito (kept the real power for themselves) Mutsuhito was known as the Meiji (Enlightened) Emperor and the new leaders of Japan were known as the Meiji leaders

65. CHANGES MADE BY THE MEIJI LEADERS… Their goal was to create a great power that could compete with the West 1.Introduced parliamentary gov’t 2.Strengthened the military 3.Created an industrial society 4.Universal education 5.Ruling class based on education and talent (not birth) --- where does this leave the samurai?

66. POLITICAL C ARTOONS An image designed to convey a message – Usually political/social in nature

72. CREATE YOUR OWN POLITICAL CARTOON ABOUT ONE OF THE FOLLLWING…. 1.Perry’s arrival in Japan in the 1850s 2.The Unequal treaties/the Samurai reaction to them 3. Changes made by the Meiji

73. 22.3 – TYPE 2 List one example of each type of change made by the Meiji in the late 1800s 1.Economic 2.Political 3.Social

74. JAPAN BECOMES A WORLD POWER….. By 1890 they had: a.New, stable government b. Efficient economy c. Strong military

75. POSTERS 1.Title – Russo-Japanese war, Sino-Japanese War, Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 2.Must haves a.When b.Why c.Outcome d.picture

76. FOLDABLE NEED: a. 2 pieces of paper, scissors, ruler TITLE: “JAPAN BECOMES A WORLD POWER” TABS: -RIGHT – “RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR” -MIDDLE – “SINO-JAPANESE WAR”

77. WHAT NEXT? …. WHAT NEXT? …. OVERSEAS EMPIRE SINO-JAPANESE WAR (1894 – 1895) China and Japan fight over Korea Japan wins, Korea gains independence Signal to the world (China weakening, Japan becoming stronger)

78. RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR (1904-1905) Japanese launched a surprise attack against Russia at Port Arthur (worried about Russian influence in Asia) Japan wins and gets control of Korea and other areas Another shock to the world, Russia was supposed to win easily; world takes notice

79. GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERITY SPHERE By the 1940s Japan wanted to create a form of a Japanese controlled Asian empire, free of western and communist influence After entering WWII in 1941 they continued to expand

80. PEARL HARBOR PRE-QUIZ

81. WHEN DID PEARL HARBOR TAKE PLACE? (day, month, year and day of the week)

82. WHO WAS OUR PRESIDENT AT THE TIME?

83. WHY DID THE JAPANESE ATTACK?

84. HOW MANY AMERICANS DIED AS A RESULT?

85. WHEN DID PEARL HARBOR TAKE PLACE? (DECEMBER 7, 1941- a Sunday)

86. WHO WAS OUR PRESIDENT AT THE TIME? (FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT)

87. WHY DID THE JAPANESE ATTACK? (ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES, CONTROL OF THE PACIFIC…)

88. HOW MANY AMERICANS DIED AS A RESULT? (2,500)

89. PEARL HARBOR DECEMBER 7, 1941

94. JAPAN TODAY… Population - 127,268,088 (98.5% are ethnic Japanese) – 10 th highest population in the world Government – Parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy Religion – 84% are Shinto, 71% Buddhist, 2% Christian, rest are other……. How is this possible if you add them up? Emperor – Akihito (since WWII, no longer seen as divine) Prime Minister - Noda Military - 18 years old to be part of volunteer military (only have a self-defense force now….no offensive military since WWII)

95. ISSUES FACING JAPAN TODAY… earthquakestsunami Land for population Nuclear reactor Land Disputes with Russia

96. EMPEROR AKIHITO

97. PRIME MINISTER Noda

98. http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/virtual/house/house04.html