1. 1 Presenter Ruth Steinberger, Co-CEO Spay FIRST! www.spayfirst.org Calcium Chloride A New Tool for Chronic Poverty

2. Thank you to Elaine Lissner, Director of Parsemus Foundation for making our work with calcium chloride possible. Thank you to researchers and visionaries Billy Clay, DVM, HW Haney, DVM and Charles Helwig, DVM for making it possible to collect data with the goal of helping animals in chronic poverty and to Peter Denooij, DVM for his vision of delivering services to animals where it has previously been difficult to do so. Thank you to researchers and visionaries Billy Clay, DVM, HW Haney, DVM and Charles Helwig, DVM for making it possible to collect data with the goal of helping animals in chronic poverty and to Peter Denooij, DVM for his vision of delivering services to animals where it has previously been difficult to do so. 2

3. Worldwide dogs and cats exist within a broad spectrum of care… Some dogs and cats get all necessary veterinary care, Some dogs and cats get all necessary veterinary care, Many get some veterinary care, and Most get none. 75% of dogs worldwide receive no veterinary care. 3

4. Main roadblocks to traditional services… Extreme poverty, little to no funds for supplies, equipment or appropriate space. Extreme poverty, little to no funds for supplies, equipment or appropriate space. Massive numbers of animals need spay/neuter in order to have an effect on population. Massive numbers of animals need spay/neuter in order to have an effect on population. Shortage of human resources (veterinary services to meet the needs). Shortage of human resources (veterinary services to meet the needs). Remote locations, difficult logistics. Remote locations, difficult logistics.

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6. Why new tools? Provide greater volume. Maximize the use of surgeons time and money. 6

7. Our goal is not to replace what works well, but instead to expand capacity to prevent unwanted litters born to animals that will not otherwise be altered. Our goal is not to replace what works well, but instead to expand capacity to prevent unwanted litters born to animals that will not otherwise be altered. In order to do all that we need to dramatically decrease costs and eliminate roadblocks to getting animals altered in high-risk circumstances. In order to do all that we need to dramatically decrease costs and eliminate roadblocks to getting animals altered in high-risk circumstances. 7

8. 8 Overwhelming numbers of animals requires cost effective programs.

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10. 10 Temporary space and the high cost for surgical supplies can limit the numbers.

11. Calcium chloride provides a large volume of sterilizations of male dogs and cats at a fraction of the cost, and without the necessary equipment, of surgery and even in very challenging settings. Calcium chloride provides a large volume of sterilizations of male dogs and cats at a fraction of the cost, and without the necessary equipment, of surgery and even in very challenging settings.

12. In the case of chronic poverty, remote areas, long distances and other challenges, we must meet the issues with easy, low cost, non-surgical options that have benefits equal to castration. 12

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14. Costs: Calcium chloride, up to 30 cents per ml. Calcium chloride, up to 30 cents per ml. A separate needle and syringe used for each testicle. A separate needle and syringe used for each testicle. Sedation and pain medication used Sedation and pain medication used Chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine Gauze Gauze Exam gloves Exam gloves Total under $3USD including rabies vaccine! Total under $3USD including rabies vaccine! 14

15. Perfect for temporary spaces… 15

16. 16 A temporary check in space!

17. 17 A public building!

18. 18 A temporary kennel!

19. 19 A calcium chloride work space!

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21. 21 A calcium chloride work space!

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23. For information: Contact info@spayfirst.org info@spayfirst.org www.calciumchloridecastration.com All veterinary inquiries regarding CaCl will be referred to a licensed veterinarian. 23