1. What were the differences between the Federalists and the Jeffersonians regarding the French revolution?

2. Edmond Genêt by Ezra Ames, 1809– 1810 Citizen Edmond Genêt's visit caused the first major diplomatic crisis in the new nation. His attempts to enlist Americans in support of the French Revolution raised troubling questions about the international role of the United States. (Collection of the Albany Institute of History and Art. Bequest of George Genêt.) Edmond Genêt by Ezra Ames, 1809–1810 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

3. Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation SITUATION: Britain and France at war, again. PROBLEM: Franco-American alliance of 1778 implies the US should side with France, but Britain will retaliate against the new, weak US and its merchant marine. SOLUTION: Well…. Delay. Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation established an American tradition of isolationism, but was popular with no one: French, British, Federalists, or Jeffersonians/Republicans.

4. Embroilments with Britain 1783  British operating frontier forts on US soil 1794: Gen. Wayne (US) wins Battle of Fallen Timbers against Indians supported by British arms/Canadians 1795: Treaty of Greenville, Indians cede Ohio to US 1793  Britain ignores US neutrality, seizing ships and impressing sailors. 1794: Jay’s Treaty negotiated with Britain 1795: Pinkney’s Treaty negotiated with Spain

5. Treaty of Greenville In the Treaty of Greenville, the United States formally accepted the principle of Indian sovereignty, by virtue of residence, over all lands the native peoples had not ceded. (National Archives) Treaty of Greenville Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

6. Sketch of Stockbridge Indian serving with the American Army Like other Native Americans in locales long dominated by whites, the Stockbridge Indians of western Massachusetts contributed substantially to the patriots' military effort. (From Joseph P. Tustin, Diary of the American War: A Hessian Journal by Captain Johann Ewald, Field Jager Corps. (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1979). By permission of Yale University Press.) Sketch of Stockbridge Indian serving with the American Army Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

7. Jay’s Treaty & Pinckney’s Treaty Jay’s Treaty: + British pledge to evacuate US soil -They should have already done this in 1783 -US bound to pay pre- revolutionary accounts to Brit. Merchants -Jeffersonian South would have to pay the majority of these debts. OVERALL: - Negative result Treaty hurts Federalists, Washington, & vitalizes the Republicans Pinkney’s Treaty: + Spain meets all of US demands + Spain concedes disputed land in N. Florida to US +Spain grants navigation rights on the Mississippi to Americans OVERALL: Positive Result

8. Washington’s Farewell Address In relation to the still subsisting war in Europe, my proclamation of the twenty- second of April, I793, is the index of my plan. Sanctioned by your approving voice, and by that of your representatives in both houses of Congress, the spirit of that measure has continually governed me, uninfluenced by any attempts to deter or divert me from it. After deliberate examination, with the aid of the best lights I could obtain, I was well satisfied that our country, under all the circumstances of the case, had a right to take, and was bound in duty and interest to take, a neutral position. Having taken it, I determined, as far as should depend upon me, to maintain it, with moderation, perseverance, and firmness… …The duty of holding a neutral conduct may be inferred, without anything more, from the obligation which justice and humanity impose on every nation, in cases in which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate the relations of peace and amity towards other nations. The inducements of interest for observing that conduct will best be referred to your own reflections and experience. With me a predominant motive has been to endeavor to gain time to our country to settle and mature its yet recent institutions, and to progress without interruption to that degree of strength and consistency which is necessary to give it, humanly speaking, the command of its own fortunes.

9. “Bonny Johnny”Adams 2 nd President of US, 1796-1801 A “low” Federalist Narrowly elected in first PARTISAN election in US Jefferson is VP as runner-up (though different party!!!) BIGGEST CHALLENGE: Jay’s Treaty

10. Property Protected, a la Francoise This cartoon, drawn during the XYZ affair, depicts the United States as a maiden being victimized by the five leaders of the French government's directorate. In the background, John Bull (England) watches from on high, while other European nations discuss the situation. (The Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana) Property Protected, a la Francoise Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

11. Really Stuck in the Middle… THE XYZ AFFAIR Americans respond to French seizure of US merchant ships (over 300 by mid -1797) Adams sends envoys, including John Marshall French diplomats demand bribes Americans leave without talking to French officials or paying bribe US drifts toward war AGAINST ally France Adams, against wishes of Hamilton/High Federalists, sends second group in 1799 Franco-American alliance officially ends in Convention of 1800

12. Sedition Act (abridged) July 14 1798 WHY IS THIS HURTING THE JEFFERSONIANS? SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That if any persons shall unlawfully combine or conspire together, with intent to oppose any measure or measures of the government of the United States, which are or shall be directed by proper authority, or to impede the operation of any law of the United States, or to intimidate or prevent any person holding a place or office in or under the government of the United States, from undertaking, performing or executing his trust or duty, and if any person or persons, with intent as aforesaid, shall counsel, advise or attempt to procure any insurrection, riot, unlawful assembly, or combination, whether such conspiracy, threatening, counsel, advice, or attempt shall have the proposed effect or not, he or they shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and on conviction, before any court of the United States having jurisdiction thereof, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, and by imprisonment during a term not less than six months nor exceeding five years; and further, at the discretion of the court may be ho]den to find sureties for his good behaviour in such sum, and for such time, as the said court may direct.

13. Alien Act (abridged) July 4 1798 WHY IS THIS HURTING THE JEFFERSONIANS? SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That whenever there shall be a declared war between the United States and any foreign nation or government, or any invasion or predatory incursion shall be perpetrated, attempted, or threatened against the territory of the United States, by any foreign nation or government, and the President of the United States shall make public proclamation of the event, all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of the hostile nation or government, being males of the age of fourteen years and upwards, who shall be within the United States, and not actually naturalized, shall be liable to be apprehended, restrained, secured and removed, as alien enemies.

14. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Compare and Contrast!!! http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/compare /kenfr.htm

15. Liberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences by Samuel Jennings, 1792 How do historians know... that the 1780s and 1790s marked a crucial turning point in the history of slavery and racism in the United States? Emancipation, manumission, and miscegenation laws adopted by state legislatures, coupled with debates in pamphlets and newspapers, indicate a shift in Americans' thinking. A painting such as the one reproduced here, Liberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences, offers a unique visual perspective on the same developments. In 1792 the Library Company of Philadelphia, a private lending library founded in the mid-eighteenth century, commissioned the artist Samuel Jennings to produce a depiction of slavery and abolitionism showing the "figure of Liberty (with her cap and proper Insignia) displaying the arts." The results reportedly pleased the library's directors. The painting, probably the first to celebrate emancipation, shows the blonde goddess presenting books (symbolizing knowledge and freedom) to several grateful blacks, while in the background former slaves dance joyfully around a liberty pole. Although the theme is abolition and the African Americans in the foreground have realistic features, the portrayal of blacks in passive roles and diminutive sizes portended future stereotypes. Thus the picture linked emancipation and the growth of racism. (Photo from The Library of Congress of Philadelphia) Liberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences by Samuel Jennings, 1792 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.