1. Drill Core Airborne PIMA/TERRASPEC Field Satellite UWA 3 rd year HyLogger Spectral Sensing Instruments – Remote Systems

2. UWA 3 rd year Types of Remote Spectral Sensing Systems The trade off: spectral vs radiometric vs spatial resolution. Profiling (e.g. Hylogger) vs imaging (HyChips, HyMap) Single element FTIR vs linear array vs area array Whiskbroom (linear array, e.g. HyMap vs pushbroom (area array, e.g. ASTER) with higher signal/ratio

3. UWA 3 rd year Remote Sensing Systems – Spectral Resolution Spectral Coverage Laboratory ARGUS / AVIRIS HYMAP ASTER Landsat TM Spectral Resolution multispectral hyper- Choosing the right technology for your requirement!

4. UWA 3 rd year Atmospheric Windows atmospheric transmittance: windows for remote sensing “Reflected Wavelengths”“Emitted Wavelengths” Atmospheric Transmission

5. UWA 3 rd year

6. Airborne HyMap Spectral Configuration – 128 channels ModuleSpectral rangeBandwidth across module Average spectral sampling interval VIS0.45 – 0.89 um15 – 16 nm15 nm NIR0.89 – 1.35 um15 – 16 nm15 nm SWIR11.40 – 1.80 um15 – 16 nm13 nm SWIR21.95 – 2.48 um18 – 20 nm17 nm www.hyvista.com Australian sensor Sydney-based NASA-approved high SNR 126 bands 0.4-2.5  m 3-30 m pixel 512 pixel swath whiskbroom fully calibrated

7. UWA 3 rd year Airborne HyMap HyMap products delivered for the Qld Next Generation Mineral Mapping Project (excerpt) (http://www.em.csiro.au/NGMM/):http://www.em.csiro.au/NGMM/ Natural colour basemap; False colour basemap; Green vegetation content; Dry vegetation content; Iron oxide content; Hematite/Goethite ratio; Ferrous iron content; Kaolin content; Kaolin crystallinity; Al-smectite content; Al-smectite composition; White mica (par-ms-phengite) content; White mica composition; White mica crystallinity; MgOH (cc/dol/chl/ep/amph) content; MgOH (cc/dol/chl/ep/amph) composition; Ferric iron and MgOH; Ferrous iron and MgOH; Chlorite-Epidote content; Epidote content; Opaques; Hydrated silica false colour white mica composition 2190 nm 2215 nm Al-rich Al-poor 5km Block H

8. UWA 3 rd year C3DMM Kalgoorlie Terrain 3D model Geoscience Australia’s pmd*CRC GOCAD model Eastern Goldfields Ferrous iron in MgOH minerals actinolite talc tremolite

9. UWA 3 rd year SEBASS TIR Airborne pushbroom Liquid He cooled Area array 124 bands by 128 pixels 7.6 and 13.5  m 50 nm FWHM S:N >1000:1 3.5 m pixels (300 m swath) Airborne pushbroom Liquid He cooled Area array 124 bands by 128 pixels 7.6 and 13.5  m 50 nm FWHM S:N >1000:1 3.5 m pixels (300 m swath)

10. UWA 3 rd year ARGUS VISNIR: 370 - 1050 nm @ > 5nm res. => 136 ch : VINI..PS SWIR: 900 - 2500 nm @ > 10nm res => 145 ch. : SWI..PS TIR: 8 - 13 mm @ 30-60 nm res. => 120 ch. : TI..PS Mineral Mapping Magnetics Gamma Ray Spectroscopy “geophysics integrated spectrometry”

11. UWA 3 rd year HYPERION NASA Technology Demonstrator Spaceborne hyperspectral VNIR-SWIR pushbroom imager, launched 2000 Area array 242 spectral bands by 256 pixels 400-2500 nm SWIR SNR <40:1 Data available from USGS

12. UWA 3 rd year ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflective Radiometer) “Next generation” geology-tuned satellite sensor: 14 spectral bands including 6 SWIR and 5 TIR geological bands (+ DEM) 15 m VNIR 30 m SWIR 90 m TIR Pushbroom for VNIR and SWIR Whiskbroom for TIR Significant Instrument/Data Issues atmospheric correction, SWIR X-talk, TES www.asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov www.science.aster.ersdac.or.jp

13. UWA 3 rd year ASTER Geological Products from Band Combinations 3/2 : green vegetation 2/1, 4/1, 4/3 : iron oxide abundance 7/4, 5/4 : ferric/ferrous iron (in silicate/carbonate) ratio (5+7)/6 : Al-OH abundance (6+9)/(7+8) : Mg-OH + carbonate abundance 7/5,7/6,6/5 (RGB) or KWIK Residuals of 5,6,7 or 7/5 with mask of (5+7)/6 : Al-OH type (Group 1: alunite, pyrophyllite, kaolinite, dickite); Group 2: muscovite; Group 3: phengite) 11/(10+12), 11/10, 13/12 and 13/10 : SiO 2 abundance 13/14 : carbonate abundance 12/13 : “basic” minerals (garnet, CPX, epidote, chlorite) Use close spaced TIR bands to minimise T effect

14. UWA 3 rd year C-SatMAP ASTER processing : Mt Isa CSIRO’s C-SatMap software Airborne & Satellite multispectral data coverage ASTER L1B imagery (crosstalk corrected) 130 scenes >1 terrabyte of data cross-calibrated reduced to reflectance 12 geoscience products 1 weeks processing calibrated to HyMap reflectance 100 km ASTER False colour 321

15. UWA 3 rd year raw data calibrated data Processed geological product Al-clay content 100 km ASTER AlOH content : (B5 + B7) / B6 Linear histogram stretch : 2.06 (blue-low) to 2.4 (red-high) C-SatMAP ASTER processing : Mt Isa CSIRO’s C-SatMap software

16. UWA 3 rd year C-SatMAP ASTER processing : Mt Isa CSIRO’s C-SatMap software ASTER CSIRO Regolith product : R : B3/B2 G: B3/B7 B: B5/B7 Interpretation: Red : iron oxides Green : non mafic rocks Blue : clays

17. UWA 3 rd year CSIRO’s C-SatMap software ASTER Ferrous iron content within MgOH-carbonate : e.g. B5 / B4- Ferrous iron content masked by areas interpreted as higher content of MgOH-carbonate (B6+B9) / (B7+B8) C-SatMAP ASTER processing : Mt Isa

18. UWA 3 rd year C-SatMAP ASTER processing : Mt Isa

19. UWA 3 rd year 50 km grid cell Image spatial resolution 5 km grid cell 500 m grid cell 500 m grid cell size50 m grid cell size 500 m grid cell50 m grid cellHyMap 4.5m pixel ASTER 30m pixel Mount Isa Inlier

20. UWA 3 rd year Spectral Resolution – Relative mineral information content HyMap false colour ASTER false colour HyMap mica content ASTER AlOH content 2185 nm 2215 nm Al-rich Al-poor composition ? HyMap kaolin content 25%* content 5%* 25%* content 5%* HyMap smectite abundance Published geology Wonga “biotite” granite Burstall granite granodiorite Mount Isa Inlier

21. UWA 3 rd year WA ASTER Map 200 km high low

22. UWA 3 rd year Future Satellite systems MSMISat, South Africa (2010) 200 bands, 400-2400 nm, 14 m pixel, 15 km swath EnMap, Germany (2012) ~200 bands, 420-2450 nm, 30m pixel, 30 km swath Hyper, Japan (2013) 220 bands, 400-2500 nm, 30m pixel, 60 km swath HyspIRI, USA (2016) 210 bands, 400-2500nm, 60 m pixel, 90 km swath www.isiswg.org

23. UWA 3 rd year Integrated analysis for mapping & exploration

24. UWA 3 rd year Software ENVI (Environment for Visualising Images) (www.ittvis.com) Hyperspectral images Field spectra Neil Pendock Suite ASTER and hyperspectral images CSIRO/HyVista Suite ASTER and hyperspectral multi-scene processing C-HyperMAP C-SatMAP IDL based ERMapper (www.ermapper.com) ASTER wizard

25. UWA 3 rd year Spectral In-House Training @ CET, UWA, Crawley - 01.03.2010 – GP2, second floor, Rm111, 3 rd year Geology Lab 9:00Mineral Spectroscopy Theory : Wavelength coverage, EMR-matter interaction, vibrational spectroscopy; VNIR-SWIR-TIR mineralogy and mineral groups; mineral disorder/abundance/chemistry; spectral libraries Spectral Sensing Instruments – Proximal Systems : Spectral/radiometric/spatial resolution of field/lab systems; Hylogging 10:30 – 11:xxLots of questions and Coffee 11:xx ASD &/or PIMA @ Lab and/or outside: The Spectral Geologist (TSG) Software introduction : Applications, Interpretation of afore scanned data 12:30 – 13:30Lunch 13:30 Spectral Sensing Instruments – Remote Systems : Spectral/radiometric/spatial resolution of remote systems; satellite vs airborne; imaging vs line profiling; multispectral vs hyperspectral; VNIR vs SWIR vs TIR Alteration and Regolith Spectral-Mineral Models : Critical for successful use of spectral technology; Regolith mapping and Au (and Ni sulphide) exploration in the Kalgoorlie area; Mapping of ultramafic rocks; Alteration mapping using hyperspectral techniques. 15:00 – 15:xx Lots of questions & Afternoon Tea Theory & Proximal Systems ASD, PIMA, TSG Remote Systems Application to Mineral Systems