1. THE IMPACT OF THE PRINTING PRESS

2.  No books  Illiterate population  Oral culture  Priests announced news at church  Local priests often didn’t own a Bible  Villagers listened to traveling readers  No schools  Feudal society  Church maintains control over masses by limiting access to information PRE-GUTENBERG EUROPE

3. Ok, there were some books. But they were mostly in Latin and belonged to the Church or aristocrats. 500 AD – 1500 AD: Monks copied books by hand 1100 AD: Universities begin to train and pay scribes to copy books by hand WHAT!? NO BOOKS!?

4. Gutenberg invents the printing press. 1440-50

5.  The Bible WHAT WAS THE FIRST BOOK PRINTED?

6.  Latin WHAT LANGUAGE WAS IT PRINTED IN?

7. The printing press made it possible to print a large number of books (exact copies) in a short time.

8.  National languages replace Latin  Regional dialects become standardized (everyone uses the same words)  Rules for grammar and spelling develop WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF PRINTING ON LANGUAGE?

9.  Title page  Table of contents  Page numbers  Index  Footnotes HOW DID PRINTING CHANGE BOOKS?

10. 1. Printing spread across Europe like wildfire… HOW DID PRINTING CHANGE SOCIETY?

11. By 1500 there were 20 million books on 35,000 different topics!

12. 2. Literacy 3. Schools 4. National identity 5. Common people have access to information 6. People discover contradictions between texts, this affects their perception and thinking. Critical thinking! EFFECTS ON SOCIETY

13. 7. Traditional power structures began to be challenged (The Reformation) 8. Scientific knowledge expanded (The Renaissance) 9. The Church began to lose its absolute authority EFFECTS ON SOCIETY

14. Machiavelli (1469-1527) Father of political science Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) Astronomy- the earth revolves around the sun Galileo (1564-1642): Astronomy- telescopes and the solar system Rene Descartes (1596-1650): Philosophy- “I think, therefore I am.” REVOLUTIONARY THINKERS

15. Printing press promotes the idea that everyone can have their own opinion. And maybe get it published so it can spread! 10. INDIVIDUALISM

16. Democracy! A FEW HUNDRED YEARS LATER ALL THESE EFFECTS HELP TO CREATE…

17. How did the printing press affect Western culture?  Literacy  Access to knowledge  Schools  Spread of science  Standardized languages  Nationalism  Questioning authority  Individualism  DEMOCRACY REVIEW