1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chemical Pathways Chapter 9-3 http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg

2. ___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to make their own food AUTOTROPHS http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif In the last chapter green plants used ________________ to trap energy from __________ and make ______________ sunlight food (glucose) PHOTOSYNTHESIS http://206.173.89.42/REALTYWITHALOHA_COM/piphoto/funny%20sun%20with%20sunglasses.gif

3. In this chapter, we will learn how this glucose is ____________ by organisms and the _______ is stored as _______ in a process called ___________________ What kind of organisms do this? energy broken down ATP CELLULAR RESPIRATION

4. ________ (Including _______) ALL LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY! What kind of organisms do this? plantsfungibacteria ______ animals humans

5. We get the energy the plants stored as glucose by _____________ directly or eating the _________ that ate the plants. How do we get the sugar from the plants? Image from: http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/spiderlamb/eatsheep.gifhttp://www.cibike.org/Eating.htm REMEMBER! _______________ get their energy by eating other organisms. HETEROTROPHS eating plants animals

6. REMEMBER CELL BIO

7. Area with gel-like material inside cell membrane surrounding mitochondria = ______________________ Power plant of cell that burns glucose and stores the energy as ATP = _______________ mitochondria CYTOPLASM Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/cytoplasm.html http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg

8. MITOCHONDRIA = cell power plant Surrounded by ___________ membrane Outer membrane & Inner membrane (called _______________ ) Space between inner membrane & outer membrane = ____________________ Space inside cristae folds = _________________ CYTOPLASM surrounds mitochondria INTERMEMBRANE SPACE DOUBLE MATRIX CRISTAE

9. All organisms (heterotrophs AND autotrophs) use the _____________ to charge up their _______ Image from: http://www.cat.cc.md.us/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/adpan.html energy in food ATP

10. This process of releasing the energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ = ________________ Image by Riedell Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe ATP CELLULAR RESPIRATION

11. CELLULAR RESPIRATION happens __________ in ________________. If all the energy was released in one step… most would be lost as ____________________! http://plato.acadiau.ca/COURSES/comm/g5/Fire_Animation.gif slowly many steps light and heat

12. PHOTOSYNTHESIS ___________ + _________ + ___________ → _______________ + __________ 6 CO 2 6 H 2 OC 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 _____________ + _________ → ________ + __________ + __________ ______________________________________________________________ CELLULAR RESPIRATION C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 6 CO 2 6 H 2 O The two equations are exact opposites!

13. UNITS FOR MEASURING HEAT ENERGY Amount of heat it takes to raise 1 gram of water 1 ◦ Celsius = _______________ Unit for measuring energy in food = _______________ 1 Calorie = _________ calories Calorie calorie 1000 http://www.raytechcatalog.com/images/products/mainstay_food_3600_nutrition.gif http://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/sftheory/images/boilingif

14. ________ + _________ → ____________ Remember from Photosynthesis? High energy electron carrier = ___________ Cellular respiration uses some different carriers to transport high energy electrons. _______ & ________ NAD + FAD NAD + ________ + _________ → ____________ 2 e - + H + FAD NADP + 2 e - + 2H +

15. See glycolysis movie The first step in cellular respiration = __________________ Glycolysis happens in the ________________ outside the mitochondria GLYCOLYSIS CYTOPLASM

16. Glycolysis (GLYKOS = ________ LYSIS= ___________ ) Glycolysis ____________________________ BUT it needs some ____________to get it started. What molecule do you think is going to supply the energy do this? split apart DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN ATP sweet ENERGY

17. ________ ↓ ___________ → → _____________ ↓ ____________________ + _______________ GLUCOSE2 PYRUVIC ACID PUT IN ________ and GET BACK __________ Net gain of ________ and __________ 2 ATP’s 4 ATP’s GLYCOLYSIS 2 ATP’s 2 NADH ATP ATP NADH

18. PYRUVIC ACID MOVES TO NEXT STEP IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN (______________) IF THERE IS OXYGEN (_____________) = ANAEROBIC = AEROBIC

19. PYRUVIC ACID ___________ OXYGEN 2 kinds of fermentation ___________________ & _____________________ ANAEROBIC Alcoholic Lactic acid WITHOUT

20. _______ + _____ → __________ + ______ + _____ ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION PYRUVIC ACID ALCOHOL Happens when yeast makes bread dough rise CO 2 bubbles make _____________ in bread Alcohol _______________ during cooking CO 2 NAD + http://www.deliciousdelicious.com/archives/herb%20bread%201.jpg air spaces evaporates

21. _______ + _____ → __________ + ______ + _____ ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION PYRUVIC ACID ALCOHOL Happens when ___________ make _______ or ____________ make ______ CO 2 NAD + http://www.firstpath.com/images/alcohol.jpg yeast beer bacteriawine

22. _______ + _____ → ______________ + ________ LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PYRUVIC ACID LACTIC ACID Happens in _____________ during ____________when body can’t get oxygen to tissues fast enough. Lactic acid builds up in muscles causing soreness NAD + http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg exercise muscles

23. _______ + _____ → ______________ + ________ LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PYRUVIC ACID LACTIC ACID Happens when bacteria are used to make __________and ____________ like: Yogurt, buttermilk, sauerkraut, pickles, cheese sour cream, & kimchi NAD + http://chronicle.augusta.com/images/headlines/032200/DANNON_YOGURT.jpg http://www.reillydairy.com/natural_cheese.html food beverages

24. WITHOUT OXYGEN, PYRUVIC ACID ___________ and all the _______ carriers get full. Eventually glycolysis will WHY DO FERMENTATION? WHY NOT JUST KEEP MAKING ATP USING GLYCOLYSIS? builds up NAD +

25. _______ + _____ → __________ + ______ + _____ FERMENTATION HAPPENS so cells can ____________________ needed to keep glycolysis going PYRUVIC ACID ALCOHOL → CO 2 NAD + REGENERATE the NAD + LACTIC ACID NAD + → You get the NAD + carriers back ______

26. Flooded Corn Field plants need ______________________ too. If plants seeds are under water 3 days or more, the seeds will die. If a plants roots are under water for 3 days or more, the plants will die. By:http://skyways.lib.ks.us/towns/ElkCity/2007flood.html Plants do ____________ but photosynthesis oxygen for cellular respiration