1. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 1 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels P & T Research in the EURATOM Fifth and Sixth Framework Programmes Ved Bhatnagar* Nuclear Fission and Radiation Protection Unit J.4, DG Research European Commission Brussels e-mail:Ved.Bhatnagar@cec.eu.int _______ * In collaboration with M. Hugon and S. Casalta

2. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 2 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels OUTLINE Introduction European Research Area 6th (2002-06) and 5th (1998-02) EURATOM Framework Programmes P&T R&D projects Conclusions

3. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 3 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels INTRODUCTION There are at present 25 member nations* in the EU. The principal framework of research in EU is national. Various initiatives of European Community and Inter-governmental Sc. & Tech. cooperation effort is < 17% of total public civilian expenditure of European research. EU framework programme of research is only about 5.4% of total public financial effort of the entire EU. The fragmentation, isolation and disparity of regulatory and administrative systems lowers the impact of investment in research. EU needs a more dynamic and coherent approach. _____________________________________ * A, B, DK, Fi, F, Gr, D, Irl, I, L, NL, P, Sp, S, UK + since May 2004 Cyprus, Czech Rep, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia.

4. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 4 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels The European Research Area A blueprint for the future of research in Europe. Broad support at the highest political, scientific and industrial levels. The ERA is being implemented since the start of FP6. European research policy National programmes ‘Coordination’ Framework programme European organisations

5. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 5 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels The European Research Area (ERA) Aim: Achieve greater co-operation between Member States’ research strategy Mutual Opening up of Programmes Bring its research effort on par with competitors

6. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 6 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels 6th Framework Program Integrating research in well focussed priorities – Integrated Projects – Networks of Excellence Structuring the ERA – Research, Innovation and Infrastructure – Human resources and mobility Strengthening the ERA – Networking of national research – Closer links between EU and International organisations

7. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 7 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels 6th Framework Program Implementation: Larger projects of longer duration Networking Procedure simplification and streamlining Flexibility and adaptability Management autonomy including financial one Monitor mainly strategic output results

8. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 8 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels Management of Radioactive Waste in FP6 Geological Disposal Partitioning and Transmutation Other Concepts to produce less waste Education and Training

9. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 9 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels Rationale of P & T Assist in responding to the adverse public perception that the safety of repositories can not be guaranteed for tens of thousands of years. Extract a large part of the energy-bearing component of the waste thereby reducing the toxicity and waste volume and effectively increase the capacity of repositories. Assist in reducing the high temperature of the waste in the first 200 years that otherwise would restrict the packing capacity of the repository. P&T is thus likely to –Ease the final geological repository requirements. –Contribute to the sustainability of nuclear energy in those countries that pursue this source of energy. –Assist in combating global warming.

10. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 10 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels EURATOM 6th Framework Program Budget (2002-2006) Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion 750 M€ Management of Radioactive Waste 90 M€ –Geological Disposal –P&T –Less-Waste Producing Concepts Radiation Protection 50 M€ Nuclear Technologies and Safety 50 M€ JRC’s EURATOM activities 290 M€ FP6 Euratom Budget: 1230 M€ Total FP6 EC Budget: 16270 M€

11. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 11 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels EURATOM P & T Budget has grown

12. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 12 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels Partitioning & Transmutation The aim of the Program is to determine practical ways of reducing the amount or hazard of the waste to be disposed of by P&T. Demonstration at small scale of most promising partitioning technologies. Further development of technologies for transmutation and evaluation of their industrial practicability.

13. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 13 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels FP6 Topics in Partitioning and Transmutation Partitioning of actinides and fission products from high-level nuclear waste for their transmutation or conditioning in stable matrices (6 M€ 3-year Integrated Project) Impact of partitioning and transmutation (2 M€ 3-year Targeted Research Project) Transmutation of high-level nuclear waste in an Accelerator Driven system (23 M€ 4-year Integrated Project)

14. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 14 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels Impact of P&T on Waste Management: RED - IMPACT Project Transmutation of High Level Nuclear Waste in an ADS: EUROTRANS Project System Analysis of an ADS: Integrated design Cost, safety and licensing issues Reliability of accelerators for ADS Experiment: Coupling of ADS components Material and coolant technologies Advanced fuel and Targets Basic nuclear data Education and Training FP6 Projects on P&T Partitioning Technologies: EUROPART Project

15. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 15 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels BASTRA cluster: (6.5 M€) MUSE HINDAS N - TOF -ND - ADS TESTRA Cluster: (6.2 M€) SPIRE TECLA MEGAPIE-TEST ASCHLIM PARTITION Cluster: (5 M€) PYROREP PARTNEW CALIXPART FUETRA Cluster:(3.9 M€) CONFIRM THORIUM CYCLE FUTURE PDS-XADS (6 M€) PRELIMINARY DESIGN STUDIES FOR AN EXPERIMENTAL ADS ADOPT FP5 Projects on Partitioning and Transmutation (ADOPT) Total=27.6 M€

16. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 16 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels ADOPT Thematic Network (End: October 2004) Objectives: Promote consistency between FP5 funded projects and national programmes. Review overall results of the FP5 projects Identify gaps in the overall P&T research program in Europe Provide input to future research proposals and guidelines for R&D orientation, Maintain relations with international organisations and non-EU countries engaged in P&T and ADS

17. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 17 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels ADS Preliminary Design Studies (PDS-XADS) (End: October 2004) Objectives: Make a well-documented study with supporting evidence to choose and adopt the most promising technical concepts for ADS. Identify R&D required in support of the chosen concepts Define the safety and licensing issues Assess the preliminary cost of the installation Consolidate the road mapping of the XADS development.

18. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 18 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels PARTITION Cluster (End: September 2003) PYROREP: Assess Pyro-metallurgical processes for separation of Minor Actinides (MA) from Lanthanides: Salt/metal extraction Electro-refining PARTNEW: Develop solvent extraction processes of MA from HLLW: DIAMEX process SANEX process CALIXPART: Direct extraction of MA from HLLW by functionalized organic compounds such as Calixarene

19. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 19 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels FUETRA Cluster (End: October 2006) CONFIRM: CONFIRM: Uranium-free nitride fuel irradiation and modeling: –Fabrication of (Am, Zr) N fuel pellets – Irradiation of (Pu, Zr) N fuel pins in Studsvik R2 reactor THORIUM CYCLE THORIUM CYCLE : Irradiation behavior of Th-Pu oxide fuel at high burn-up: –in HFR Petten (NL) –in KWO reactor at Obrigheim (D) FUTURE: FUTURE: Study Oxide compounds (Pu, Am)O 2, (Th,Pu,Am)O 2, (Pu,Am,Zr)O 2 : Synthesis, Characterization, Modeling and Safety studies –Develop fabrication processes

20. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 20 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels BASTRA Cluster (End: December 2004) MUSE: Experiments for sub-critical neutronics validation: –MASURCA facility coupled to a pulsed D-T neutron generator –Cross comparison of codes, reactivity control techniques etc. HINDAS: Nuclear data in the 20-200 MeV energy region and beyond for ADS engineering design of an ADS measured at different European accelerator facilities: – Iron, Lead and Uranium n-TOF-ND-ADS: Nuclear data for transmutation in the 1eV-250 MeV energy range measured at CERN and IRMM and other Labs: –Actinides and long-lived fission products

21. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 21 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels TESTRA Cluster (End: November 2006) SPIRE: SPIRE: Neutron/proton irradiation effects on structural steels: spallation products, mechanical properties, basic studies –Study properties after Irradiation in HFR, BR2, BOR60, SINQ etc. TECLA: TECLA: Assessment of heavy liquid metal (HLM) lead alloys as spallation target and coolant for ADS: Corrosion and protection of structural materials – Thermal-hydraulic experiments MEGAPIE-TEST: Design, develop and perform experiment on liquid Pb-Bi Spallation target with p-beam at 1 MW level: ASCHLIM: Assess fluid dynamics commercial and research codes for heavy liquid metals and validate against experiments

22. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 22 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels International Cooperation Cooperation agreements with Canada, USA and Japan. –Technical cooperation with FP6 running projects Cooperation with Russian Federation and Ukraine under ISTC (Moscow) and STCU (Ukraine). –ISTC (since 1992) funding parties (EU, Japan, USA, Norway, Rep. Korea) –STCU (since 1995) funding parties (EU, USA, Canada) –COOPERATION FP5/FP6 and ISTC/STCU projects in the area of Basic nuclear/material data and neutronics of ADS Aqueous separation chemistry

23. EURATOM RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY 8th IEM on Actinide and Fission Product P&T, Las Vegas NV (USA) 9-11/11/2004 23 V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels Conclusions Some projects on P&T under FP5 have been completed and others are due to finish in a year or two. The P&T program is fairly well balanced among Design of an ADS, Fuel, Basic and Technological Studies. Some FP6 Projects on P&T have started late last year and a large Integrated Project on Transmutation using ADS will start early next year.