1. Irina Sourikova Brookhaven National Laboratory for the PHENIX collaboration Migrating PHENIX databases from object to relational model

2. Sept 27 CHEP’04 Interlaken, CH Irina Sourikova 2 Introduction  PHENIX is one of two large experiments at RHIC, produces hundreds of TB of data per year  In four years of running PHENIX accumulated tens of GB of calibration ( condition) data which used to get archived in Objectivity database  For a variety of reasons ( licensing and compiler issues among them ) the decision was made to change the underlying storage technology and use open source RDB instead of proprietary OODB  Main constraints - avoid any downtime for production and provide backward compatibility by migrating old Objectivity-based calibration data to RDB of choice

3. Sept 27 CHEP’04 Interlaken, CH Irina Sourikova 3 Where do we store data if not in Objy?  One option is to store metadata in RDB and data in flat files ( STAR )  Another option is to store calibrations in BLOBs ( Binary Large Objects ). PHOBOS keeps its calibration data in BLOBs in Oracle  Data consistency, data replication and performance considerations led us to the decision to store calibration data, not only metadata in the database  PostgreSQL was chosen as RDBMS

4. Sept 27 CHEP’04 Interlaken, CH Irina Sourikova 4 What’s involved in the database transition  Design a relational schema that supports our data and queries on it.  Migrate large amounts of old Objectivity- based data to a new DB. That requires I/O from objects in memory to tables in RDB  Preserve the existing API by providing a new implementation

5. Sept 27 CHEP’04 Interlaken, CH Irina Sourikova 5 Calibration data  Our calibrations differ widely in shape and size but have the same structure - they are arrays ( “banks” ) of individual channels  Example: a lookup table for slewing corrections for a PMT in ZDC can be a channel  A bank is a unit of information which is stored and retrieved based on validity ranges. For example all PMTs in ZDC form a bank PHENIX ZDC

6. Sept 27 CHEP’04 Interlaken, CH Irina Sourikova 6 Relational schema Why this doesn’t work for us:  RDBs have limit on the number of columns, large size of some channels makes this approach problematic  One possibility could be to use PostgreSQL array type to store a bank, but array implementation is not optimized for big array size. Moreover other RDBs do not support array type  I/O is still a problem  Most direct approach - map channel data members to columns in a table  Makes data transparent, suitable for Web display

7. Sept 27 CHEP’04 Interlaken, CH Irina Sourikova 7 BLOBs  Another approach is to store calibration banks in BLOBs ( Binary Large Objects ) and calibration metadata as simple types  Solves I/O problem - ROOT I/O can be used to serialize banks into BLOBs and RDBC ( ROOT DataBase Connectivity ) to send BLOBs to the database  Makes rewriting of calibration DB interface easy  Allows fast index-based calibration retrieval  The only thing we lose is “transparency”, Web display

8. Sept 27 CHEP’04 Interlaken, CH Irina Sourikova 8 Final relational schema  Decided to proceed with BLOBs  Each Objy db mapped into relational db table  All tables have the same schema:  Each object in Objy container mapped to a row in a table  Each calibration header data member mapped to a column in a table Metadata BLOBptr

9. Sept 27 CHEP’04 Interlaken, CH Irina Sourikova 9 Software layers  Couple of months spent on installing and testing new software  After fixing few bugs adopted the following:  RDBC - talks to RDBs from ROOT  libodbc++ - c++ library for accessing RDBs, runs on top of ODBC, simplifies the code  unixODBC - free ODBC interface  psqlodbc - official PostgrSQL ODBC driver RDBC libodbc++ unixODBC psqlodbc DB PhenixDB API User application

10. Sept 27 CHEP’04 Interlaken, CH Irina Sourikova 10 New calibration API implementation  Top calibration abstract base class inherits from Tobject to use RDBC method SetObject(int, TObject *)  A ClassDef macro added to calibration headers to equip calibration classes with streamers  New calibration DB API was made ODBC-compliant to ease possible future technology changes  Data migration code was written by a perl script with Objy db name and calibration class name as arguments  One new method introduced to benefit from finer commit granularity available in RDBs

11. Sept 27 CHEP’04 Interlaken, CH Irina Sourikova 11 Old data transfer  A clone of Objy federation was made and its schema evolved to reflect a change in the inheritance schema ( all calibration classes got Tobject as a parent )  A CVS branch was created for the code development with new replica Objy federation  About 13 GB of old data were transferred from Objy to Postgres which took a few days

12. Sept 27 CHEP’04 Interlaken, CH Irina Sourikova 12 Validating new framework  Validating the new framework took a lot of time due to very active code development and Objectivity updates  Non-atomic CVS operations ( tagging the code ) added to the complexity of comparing reconstruction output in old and new frameworks  After byte-by-byte comparisons Postgres-based calibrations are now used in production

13. Sept 27 CHEP’04 Interlaken, CH Irina Sourikova 13 Database replication  Due to PostgreSQL source code availability and ease of administration is was not very hard to install local database servers in 6 off-site institutions and make them slave databases  This was possible without synchronizing compiler versions and paying license fees  PHENIX can run reconstruction and simulations at more sites than before

14. Sept 27 CHEP’04 Interlaken, CH Irina Sourikova 14 Summary  Objectivity/DB is not used in PHENIX production since July 2004  Transition from Objectivity to Postgres was relatively transparent to the Collaboration, took about 1 year of 1 FTE  New adopted software saved code development time, but now we must pay a maintenance price  Web display with BLOBs requires more work, but possible  Many thanks to Laurent Aphecetche, Saskia Mioduszewski, Chris Pinkenburg and Martin Purschke for their help