1. Rosids – Part 2: Eurosids I - Fabales & Rosales Spring 2010

2. “Lower” Core tricolpates Rosids (Eurosids II) (Eurosids I) “Basal” rosids Figure 9.3 from the text

3. Core Eudicots: Rosids “Basal” Rosids: Order Vitales Eurosids I (Fabids): Order Malpighiales Order Cucurbitales Order Fabales Order Rosales Order Fagales Order Myrtales Eurosids II (Malvids): Order Brassicales Order Malvales Order Sapindales Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lecture 4 (after spring break!) Lecture 3

4. Core Eudicots: The Rosids Lecture 2 “Basal” Rosids: Order Vitales Eurosids I (Fabids): Order Malpighiales Order Cucurbitales Order Fabales Fabaceae – Beans Order Rosales Rosaceae – Roses Ulmaceae – Elms Moraceae – Figs Order Fagales Order Myrtales Eurosids II (Malvids)

5. Eurosids I: Fabales: Fabaceae (The Legume Family) Nearly cosmopolitan Herbs, vines, trees, shrubs with usually alternate, pinnately to palmately compound leaves Diversity: 18,000 species in 630 genera – THIRD LARGEST FAMILY of angiosperms Flowers: a short, cup-like hypanthium present; sepals & petals usually 5, more commonly connate; petals all alike or the uppermost 1 differentiated (banner), the lower 2 forming a keel or flaring apart; stamens usually 10, if connate then monadelphous or diadelphous; carpel 1, on a short stalk (gynophore); fruit is a legume (Duh!) but sometimes modified Significant features: High nitrogen metabolism w/ unusual amino acids, often with root nodules with N-fixing bacteria; leaf and leaflet pulvinuses well developed; endosperm often lacking; wide range of floral diversity; 3 subfamilies but 1 is not monophyletic Special uses: Many!! Beans, peas, peanuts, soybean, clover, ornamentals (Mimosa, Bauhinia); lumber, dyes, resins Required taxa: Glycine, Trifolium, Mimosa, Cercis, Gleditsia

6. Fabaceae vegetative characters root nodules pulvinus pinnately to palmately compound leaves

7. Fabaceae floral characters Diadelphous stamens: 9 + 1 Parietal placentation Perigynous flower, short hypanthium

8. Fabaceae fruit and seed characters non-endospermous seeds legumes, loments, etc.

9. Table 9.2 from the text: Subfamilies of Fabaceae

10. Fabaceae: Mimosoideae Actinomorphic tubular flowers in heads many stamens, not fused Albizia julibrissin mimosa, silktree

11. Fabaceae: Mimosoideae: Mimosa -woody or herbaceous -often armed (with prickles) -leafstalk without glands -flowers in heads or rarely racemes or spikes -stamens 10 or fewer -fruits

12. Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae Senna obtusifolia sicklepod pulvinus Stamens not fused -10 or fewer zygomorphic flower

13. Fabaceae: “Cesalpinoideae”: Cercis Cercis canadensis - redbud -unarmed -leaves simple, palmately veined -flowers clustered, appearing before leaves -corolla rose to pink-purple

14. Fabaceae: “Caesalpinioideae”: Gleditsia -armed (with thorns) -leaves 1- or 2-pinnate -flowers small, unisexual or bisexual -staminate inflorescences catkin-like, pendent -fertile inflorescences with bisexual or carpellate flowers Honey locust

15. Fabaceae: Faboideae Crotalaria spectabilis showy rattlebox bacterial root nodule monadelphous stamens or more commonly diadelphous stamens Petals unequal: banner wings keel

16. Fabaceae: Faboideae Crotalaria spectabilis showy rattlebox Petals unequal: banner wings keel

17. Fabaceae: Faboideae: Glycine -leaves pinnately 3-foliolate -inflorescence a raceme -stamens diadelphous -seeds few per pod

18. Fabaceae: Faboideae: Trifolium -leaves palmately (or pinnately) foliolate with usually 3 leaflets -inflorescences racemose but often appearing head-like -stamens diadelphous -fruits enclosed by the persistent corolla -seeds 1-6 per pod

19. Eurosids I: Rosales: Rosaceae (The Rose Family) Cosmopolitan, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere Herbs, shrubs or trees (75% woody plants) Diversity: 3,000 species in 90 genera Flowers: Showy, actinomorphic, hypanthium present; sepals 5; petals 5; stamens usually numerous; carpels 1 to many; ovary can be superior, inferior, or half- superior (perigynous); fruit can be a follicle, achene, pome, drupe, or associated with expanded receptacle Significant features: Wide range of fruit evolution within family; leaves alternate, stipules present Special uses: Fruits (apples, pears, berries), ornamental herbs, trees, and shrubs; lumber, perfumery Required taxa: Rosa, *Rubus, Prunus, Malus

20. Rosaceae: Rosa -shrubs, often prickly -leaves pinnately compound -ovary superior -hypanthium + globose and fleshy, contracted at the mouth -carpels numerous -fruit an achene

21. Rosaceae: Rubus -herbaceous to shrubby, usually with prickles -leaves often compound with 3 to 7 leaflets -carpels usually numerous, borne on an elongate receptacle -fruit a drupelet, forming an aggregate fruit (blackberries and raspberries)

22. Rosaceae: Prunus -trees or shrubs -bark with prominent horizontal lenticels -ovary superior -carpel solitary -fruit a drupe, endocarp stony

23. Rosaceae: Malus -trees with simple leaves -ovary inferior, with 5 carpels -mature carpels papery or softly leathery -fruit a pome, lacks stone cells

24. Eurosids I: Rosales: Ulmaceae (The Elm Family) Widely distributed; maximal diversity in temperate regions of N. Hemisphere Trees with alternate, 2-ranked leaves Diversity: 40 species in 6 genera Flowers: Small, inconspicuous; tepals 4-9; stamens 4-9; carpels 2, connate, superior ovary; fruit a samara or nutlet, seeds flat Significant features: Leaves simple with pinnate venation, margins simply or doubly serrate, blade base asymmetrical; endosperm of a single layer Special uses: Elms provide lumber; some trees used as ornamentals Required taxa: Ulmus

25. Eurosids I: Rosales: Moraceae (The Fig Family) Widespread, from tropical to temperate regions Trees, shrubs, or vines (sometimes herbs) Diversity: 1,500 species in 53 genera Flowers: Unisexual, inconspicuous; tepals 0-4 or 5 (-8); carpels usually 2, connate, superior ovary; inflorescences cymose, highly modified, compact, receptacle expanded; fruit is a drupe, often in a multiple fruit structure (syconium). Significant features: laticifers/latex throughout the plant Special uses: figs (Ficus), mulberries (Morus), breadfruit (Artocarpus), ornamentals, e.g. osage orange (Maclura) Required taxa: Ficus

26. Moraceae Ficus carica – Cultivated Fig Morus rubra - Mulberry Maclura pomifera Osage orange Artocarpus Dorstenia

27. Moraceae: Ficus -shrubs or trees -connate stipules enclosing the terminal buds -leaves with entire margins -flowers minute, borne inside the syconium -wasp-pollinated

28. Moraceae – The Fig and The Fig Wasp

29. Cannabaceae: The Hemp/Hop Family Related to the Elm (Ulmaceae), Mulberry (Moraceae) and Stinging Nettle (Urticaceae) families. Wind-pollinated. Family with 2 genera: Cannabis – 1 (2) species. C. sativa [hemp; marijuana] Humulus – 2 (3) species H. japonicus – Japanese hop H. lupulus – brewing hop