1. 07.10.2015http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/1 Integrating research, teaching and learning through wikis Daniel K. Schneider TECFA – Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences - Université de Genève Computer Science Department - Webster University Geneva daniel.schneider@unige.ch http://tecfa.unige.ch/DKS 2 nd Webster research symposium, Feb 3 2012 http://tecfa.unige.ch/tecfa/talks/schneide/webster2012/

2. 07.10.2015http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/2 General research goals: 1.Create good project-oriented technology-enhanced learning (TEL) designs 2.Improve education Additional goals: 1.Contribute to whole scholarship / close gaps (between research & teaching, and researcher & lecturer) 2.Contribute to the “Pasteur quadrant” in the learning sciences (theory and design) Integrating research, teaching and learning through wikis Specific “research” goal: Explore affordances of wiki technology for a variety of educational strategies and tactics.

3. 3 Evolution of the technology-enhanced learning (TEL) infrastructure: 3 strands (2) control (1) production & sharing (3) others - not covered here 199619642000 - What can be Done with wikis ?

4. 4 Seven Mediawiki design (case) studies …a set of design experiments, over a longer time span allowing to test where using a Mediawiki makes sense and how these should be configured to support various purposes

5. 5 A shared note taking, literature review and writing-to-learn environment Knowledge community model (Bereiter and Scardamaglia) Integrated scholarship (Boyer, Gardner ) Case study 1: EduTechWiki/en+fr: Several-in-one integrated scholarship External resources Student Wiki Read Take notes Publish Discuss Teach Discuss Read Write Teacher / Researcher Announce

6. 6 Case study 1 (2) Teaching strategiesText genres (lots…)Wiki Tools Writing-to-learn activities Student-created overviews/essays Pages, discussion pages and categories Writing about cases, e.g. edu. games Structured, somewhat standardized “files” Pages, discussion pages, categories Direct instruction e.g. intro. to CSS Syllabus, weekly programs, tutorials, overview pages Categories, navigation menus, code display Mini-projects based instruction e.g. intro. to Flash Syllabus, exercise programs, tutorials, overview/link pages, discussion Navigation menus, wiki books, code formatting, discussion pages Workshop supportProgram page with linksNone Other purposes Note taking, knowledge integration and linking Overviews, links and references Articles, category trees, graphs NewsBlogWikilog EduTech resource kitAll sortsAll Population: various small classes, 2006 - 2012 Teaching organization: most blended (UniGe), presential (WUG) http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/ and http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/frhttp://edutechwiki.unige.ch/fr

7. 7 Case study 2: Dewiki – project-based learning PurposeText genreWiki Tools ManagementCurrent task (to do list) Menu General forum Main page + discussion page Literature reviewSummaries + indexarticle Dictionary of termsDefinitions + indexArticle + Category Research planarticleArticle + discussion page Articles (outcome)Long articleArticle + discussion page ValorizationbookPrint book creator Population: a single small semester class (UniGe), 2006-2012 Organization: blended http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/dewiki/

8. 8 Implemented learning scenarios and text genres in a MediaWiki Support for wide range of text genres and learning activities It works (somewhat stabilized designs after three years) Products Learning Scenarios Teacher/researcher activities Teaching Writing-to-learn Mini projects Project-based Note taking Product 1 Product 2 Product 3 Text tools (extensions) Project 1 Project 2 Article Glossary Journal (wikilog) News (wikilog) Media Textbook (wiki book) Navigation (cat. menus) Categories Forum …… Other tools …… Study books …….. Traditional ……..

9. 07.10.2015http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/9 Is this research ? Answer 1: No ! 1.very little generalization 2.(almost) no data 3.no comparison (just some kind of monographies) 4.No in-depth investigation of processes 5.No computer science 6.….. Answer 2: Yes a bit 1.it is part of a long term line of research started in 2002 2.it is just part (technology) of the design part (data pending) 3.design is principled and based on (other) research 4.it has been published in 2 reviewed conference papers Schneider, D.K., Benetos, K. & Ruchat, M. (2011). Mediawikis for research, teaching and learning. In T. Bastiaens & M. Ebner (Eds.), Proceedings of World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications 2011 (pp. 2084-2093).

10. 07.10.2015http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/10 Yes, it is part of so-called design-based research This talk Is this research (2) ?

11. 07.10.2015 http://edutechwiki.unige.ch http://tecfa.unige.ch/DKS Questions ? More ? Demos ? 11

12. 07.10.2015http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/12 Extra (censored) slides next ….

13. 13 Context: Which tool is best for what purpose ? Knowledge construction & content Control of activities Communication Portalware e.g. Drupal (Class & Schneider, 2011) Advanced wiki e.g. Mediawiki Workflow tool e.g. LAMS Grading LMS, e.g. Blackboard, Moodle Priorities: Solution:

14. 07.10.2015http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/1407.10.2015http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/14 Whole scholarship according to Boyer (1997) Be a good researcher: + Publish quality articles -------------------------------- - Ignore technology - Ignore others’ ideas Be useful as knowledge mediator: + Pull ideas together + Share knowledge with all + Be able to use technology + Teach well ----------------------------------- - Be a bad researcher CHOOSE (1) Discovery (2) Integration (3) Application (4) Teaching Or improve by finding synergy through common activities (and tools) ….

15. 07.10.2015http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/15 The Pasteur quadrant not sciencescience applied Edison (invention) Pasteur (both) not applied (some) student research Bohr (pure theory) Model 1: Teachers read research and implement it in their classrooms: fails Model 2: Summary guides: fail Model 3: General professional development: can work Model 4: The policy route: fails Model 5: The long route: can work Model 6: Design experiments: can work (locally) Typology of research and practice in education

16. 07.10.2015http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/16 First principles of education (Merrill, 2002) 1.The demonstration principle Learning is promoted when learners observe a demonstration 2.The application principle Learning is promoted when learners apply the new knowledge 3.The activation principle Learning is promoted when learners activate prior knowledge or experience 4.The integration principle: Learning is promoted when learners integrate their new knowledge into their everyday world 5.The task-centered principle Learning is promoted when learners engage in a task-centered instructional strategy Activity-based learning – my starting point (Schneider, 2002)

17. 17 No significant difference between educational designs (Nettles et al. 2000, Johnson et al, 2000, Russel 2001). Structured designs (Kirschner et al. 2006) Teacher quality (many factors) Infrastructure with good affordances Some difference Small long term projects

18. 18 Affordances in TEL ….the bottom line (Clark, Kozma,etc.). Slower / cumbersome / anti-community: e-learning systems, workflow systems Faster / easier / community- oriented: Street technology → CMSs, Blogs, etc. → Wikis → Mediawikis (Wikipedia technology) Anything goes ! (media don’t make the difference.)