1. All IP Cellular Network, 3G and Beyond 연세대학교 김 영용 y2k@yonsei.ac.kr ykim@nasla.yonsei.ac.kr ☎ 2123-2861

2. Doc Name –wti Trends of Network Evolution 2G2G 3G3G Wireless Wireline circuit packet (Voip) ALL IP Network Tremendous Growth in Data Traffic It’s not a choice but an inevitable trend

3. Doc Name –wti Advantage of All IP Structure  Single network that represents the convergence of multiple independent networks (voice, data, video) into a single unified network  Operational efficiencies of a single integrated network  Facilitate new service development and implementation  Shorten time-to-market for new services  Seamless deployment of voice services across packet network  Distributed networking model for scalability, performance, and reliability

4. Doc Name –wti 3G Standard Activities  3GPP (1) –Global specifications for GSM/MAP network evolution to –3G and the UTRA RTT –Almost Mature Standards  3GPP2 –Global specifications for ANSI/TIA/EIA-41 network –evolution to 3G and global specifications for the RTTs –supported by ANSI/TIA/EIA-41 –Standards under development

5. Doc Name –wti ALL IP Network 관련연구동향 standardization efforts 3GPP 3GPP2 3G.IP IETF MWIF ARIB/TTC ETSI ANSI/TIA Fusitsu Nokia Erricson BT AT&T NEC Panasonic Mitsubishi Docomo Lucent Nortel Cisco Toshiba Telcordia Hitachi Qualcomm Vodafone Motorola Sprint/PCS

6. Doc Name –wti Generic All IP Network Architecture IP Core 1G/2G GW 1G/2G RAN 3G RAN SA RTS WCCA Legacy App Application servers HSS Packet GW Signalling GW 3G RAN GW Trunk GW Other Networks Packet Public Data Network Signalling Network PSTN

7. Doc Name –wti Key components of all IP architecture  Radio Network  The Core Packet Network  The Call Control  Gateways to mobile systems and to external networks  The Service architecture

8. Doc Name –wti 3GPP  3GPP - 3rd Generation Partnership Project  Development of 3rd generation cellular systems based on GSM architecture –GSM –GPRS –WCDMA –EDGE  Supported by several regional standardization bodies : –ETSI (Europe) –ARIB, TTC (Japan) –CWTS (China) –T1 (U.S.) –TTA (Korea)

9. Doc Name –wti All-IP wireless network discussed in 3GPP : History  [July 99] 3GPP All-IP network feasibility study started  [Sept 99] TSG-S2 R00 AdHoc submitted results of the TSG- S2 for approval  [Oct 99] After TSG-S2 approval, TSG-S2 R00 AdHoc Group results were submitted to TSG-SA for approval to be the first Spec.  [Oct 99] After TSG-SA approval, Project planning work for R00 (including All-IP option) was started at TSG-S2 project planning AdHoc groups.  [Dec 99] After TSG-S2 approval, the detailed workplan for R00 (including All-IP network option) was submitted to TSG-SA for approval.  [Jan 00 - Dec 00] Work within 3GPP TSGs and WGs proceed according to the TSG-SA approved R00 Project plan.  [Dec 00] Release 00 specifications completed including All- IP option.

10. Doc Name –wti 3GPP All-IP wireless network reference architecture : Option- 1 Option 1 is based on packet technologies and IP telephony for simultaneous real time and non real time services.

11. Doc Name –wti 3GPP All-IP wireless network reference architecture : Option- 2 Option 2 is to support of release 99 CS domain terminals. Option 2 also supports the IP based services of option 1.

12. Doc Name –wti 3GPP Signaling Protocol Stack

13. Doc Name –wti Features of 3GPP All-IP  GPRS-based  Mobility management - GSN+HSS(=HLR)  Call control - Further study (H.323 and SIP are used as examples)  Compatibility with existing networks - Support of CS domain GSM terminals  QoS support - GPRS QoS support scheme even if call control protocols are introduced  Support of EDGE  Handover and Roaming - Supported –Within UMTS R00 IP network –Between All-IP and CS domain/GSM  AirLink Optimization for Real-Time IP - Header  compression/decompression and Header stripping /regeneration for IP/UDP/RTP stack  Security - For Further study

14. Doc Name –wti 3GPP2  3GPP - 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2  Development of 3rd generation cellular systems as  evolution of ANSI/TIA/EIA-41 networks  Supported by several regional standardization bodies : –ARIB, TTC (Japan) –CWTS (China) –TIA (U.S.) –TTA (Korea)

15. Doc Name –wti 3GPP2 Organization  Steering Committee  Technical Specification Group –TSG-A (A-Interface System) –TSG-C (cdma2000) –TSG-P (Wireless Packet Data Interworking) –TSG-R (Interface of 3GPP Radio Access Technology to 3G Core Network evolved from ANSI-41) –TSG-S (Service and System Aspects) –TSG-N (ANS-41/WIN)

16. Doc Name –wti 3GPP2 All-IP wireless network discussed in 3GPP2  [Nov 99] All-IP AdHoc was formed in TSG-S to develop an overview of related objects, requirements, issues, and recommendations by January 2000 TSG-S meeting  [Dec 99] 1st TSG-S All-IP AdHoc in HI to output initial Recommendations  [Jan 00] 2nd TSG-S All-IP AdHoc in CA to output conclusions of the adhoc group –Phase-1 : All-IP Network Reference Model (NRM), Stage 1, 3GPP2 workplan –Phase-2 : Stage2 and 3 development –A desire for an all IP network architecture common between 3GPP and 3GPP2 –Use of the IETF IP protocols whenever possible  [Feb 00] 3rd TSG-S All-IP AdHoc in CA Discussion on NRM proposals and workplan  [Mar 00] 4th TSG-S All-IP AdHoc in JapanSteering Committee

17. Doc Name –wti 3GPP2 All-IP wireless network proposals  Lucent  CISCO  Ericsson  Sun  Telcordia/TOSHIBA  Potential participants : Sprint PCS, Motorola, Samsung,Nokia, Vodafone/Airtouch, Sony, 3COM, GTE, Nortel, Bell Atrantic Mobile, Qualcomm, LGIC, IDO, SK Telcom, LG Telecom, Hyndai, NEC, KDD, DDI, Fujitsu, Oki, Ericsson

18. Doc Name –wti 3GPP2 All-IP NRM proposal Lucent

19. Doc Name –wti 3GPP2 UMTS/EDGE/cdma2000 Common All-IP NRM proposal, Lucent

20. Doc Name –wti Common concept of All-IP NRM Lucent

21. Doc Name –wti 3GPP2 All-IP NRM proposal CISCO

22. Doc Name –wti 3GPP2 All-IP NRM proposal Ericsson

23. Doc Name –wti 3GPP2 All-IP NRM proposal Telcordia and Toshiba

24. Doc Name –wti CDMA2000 Phased NRM

25. Doc Name –wti Features of 3GPP2 All-IP  Mobile-IP-based [All proposals]  Mobility management - L2 mechanism [Sun] or IP-based mobility management [Cisco] for micromobility and Mobile- IP for macromobility [All proposals]  Call control - TBD (H.323[Lucent], SIP[Lucent, Telcordia,TOSHIBA])  Compatibility with existing networks - Support TSG-P  network  QoS support - Requirement  Proposal to support UMTS and EDGE (Lucent)  Handover and Roaming - TBD  AirLink Optimization for Real-Time IP - Requirement  Security - RequirementGPRS-based

26. Doc Name –wti IETF  IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force  Working group [IP routing for wireless/mobile hosts (Mobile IP)]  Extension and improvement of Mobile IP  Route optimization in Mobile IP  Mobility support in IPv6  Mobile IP regional registration  Revised Tunneling for Mobile IP  Micromobility support  Mobile IP based micro mobility management protocol in the third generation  Cellular IP  Mobile IP Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting requirements  Adaptation to wireless network  Requirements on Mobile IP from a cellular perspective

27. Doc Name –wti MWIF  MWIF - Mobile Wireless Internet Forum  Drive an Open Internet-based architecture that –enables seamless integration of mobile telephony and IP-based Services (voice, data, video, web, etc.) for the mobile wireless networks, and –is independent of the Air interface  Influence and align standards with target architecture  Act as driver that is complementary to the existing standards working groups and provide a common voice of global operators  Is operator/service provider driven  Supported by around 50 companies, which includes –Vendors  CISCO, Motorola, 3COM, Fujitsu, Hitachi, IBM, Lucent, Nokia, Nortel, Qualcomm, Siemens, Sony, Sun, etc. –Providers  Vodafone AirTouch, DDI, SprintPCS, IDO, Bell Atlantic Mobile, Telstra, etc.IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force

28. Doc Name –wti 3G.IP  Consists of BT, AT&T, Ericsson, Nokia, Nortel, etc.  Target radio system : GPRS-based TDMA and CDMA  Interim network standards established by the end of 2000, which include both circuit-switched and packet data Elements

29. Doc Name –wti 3G.IP  Consists of BT, AT&T, Ericsson, Nokia, Nortel, etc.  Target radio system : GPRS-based TDMA and CDMA  Interim network standards established by the end of 2000, which include both circuit-switched and packet data Elements

30. Doc Name –wti Comparison of 3GPP & 3GPP2 3GPP3GPP2 Fundamental network configuration GPRSMobile-IP (All) Mobility management (MM)GSN+HSS=(GPRS MM) L2 Mechanism [Sun, etc.] or IP-based MM [CISCO] for micromobility, Mobile-IP for macromobility [All] Call Control Further study (H.323, SIP) H.323 [Lucent], SIP [Lucent, Telcordia,TOSHIBA] Compatibility with existing networks Support of CS domain GSM terminals Support TSG-P (ANSI-41 base) network QoS supportGPRS QoS schemeRequirement only Support of other radio systems EDGEUMTS and EDGE [Lucent] Handover and RoamingSupportedTBD AirLink Optimization for Real-Time IP Header compression and striping Requirement only SecurityFurther studyRequirement only Current Specification Status detailed version by the end of 2000 Proposals and discussion

31. Doc Name –wti OPEN ISSUES Current StatusGoal Mobility management GPRS, L2 mechanism, Mobile-IP, IP-Protocol based micro mobility IP-Protocol based unified and single mobility management protocol QoS support GPRS QoS support scheme IP-centric QoS gurantee scheme Call controlH.323, SIP Appropriate protocols in cellular environments Roaming Roaming gateway, remote AAA, regional Mobile IP registering Distributed authentication Harmonization of different approach Different approach (GPRS vs. Mobile-IP) development of appropriate hooks AirLink OptimizationHeader compression/stripping More efficient transmission scheme compatible with existing IP protocols Support of circuit switchingQoS SupportMore flexible and efficient QoS control

32. Doc Name –wti Post 2001 Architectures  Time Frame 1 –Separate Voice and Data Networks but integrated Access –TIA PN-4286 Network Architecture  Time Frame 2 –Combined Voice over IP and IP networks for both access and backbone networks –Voice and IP combined in Network –Voice and IP combined in Access –Voice is sent over IP instead of using PCM  IP Network Options –H.323: Cisco, HP, Sonus –MGCP: Cisco, Lucent, Nortel, Sonus, Telcordia –SIP: 3Com, Cisco, Ericsson, Lucent, Nortel –MEGACO authors: FORE, Gotham, Lucent, Nortel, Telcordia

33. Doc Name –wti Protocol Stack

34. Doc Name –wti LINK LAYER (TULIP)  Transport Unaware Link Improvement Protocol  A candidate of solution for interfering problem between RLP and TCP  Proposed at University of California, Santa Cruz

35. Doc Name –wti LINK LAYER (TULIP)  Transport Unaware Link Improvement Protocol  A candidate of solution for interfering problem between RLP and TCP  Proposed at University of California, Santa Cruz  Service aware, not protocol aware (Looking into TCP headers is not necessary) –Reliable service TCP data –Unreliable service UDP data, TCP ACKs*  Subsequent cumulative ACKs supersede the information in the lost ACK  Periodical transmission with time interval using RLP layer buffer –The time interval equal to propagation delay at Link layer –Decrease temporal deviation of transmission speed

36. Doc Name –wti Network Layer Mobility Management  Mobile IP –HAWAII –Cellular IP –HMMP –GPRS Mobility Management –CDPD Mobility Management

37. Doc Name –wti Network Layer Mobility Management

38. Doc Name –wti Beyond 3G  OFDM & Dynamic Packet Assignment –Transmission rate of 2-5Mbps in macrocell, 10Mbps and above in microcells  Iceberg (UC-Berkeley) –Potentially Any Network Services (PANS): beyond just the two party telephone call service; requires a network/device independent system –Personal Mobility: person as communication endpoint; requires a single identity for an individual – iUID –Service Mobility: seamless mobility across different devices in the middle of a service session –Easy Service Creation and Customization –Scalability, Availability and Fault Tolerance

39. Doc Name –wti Conclusions  ALL IP network : plenty of technologies and migration path unresolved  Many promise for ALL IP common network  Many research issues for 3G/4G Network architecture