1. Building alliances between farmers & environmentalists What CAP is needed to face up to the environmental challenges? 1 December 2009, Dublin Luigi Boccaccio BirdLife International Stefan Benko Ariel Brunner L Boccaccio

2. Why an alliance between farmers & environmentalists? FARMERS Justify public support to land management Build an EU budget line that can be defended in the long term Support a smooth adaptation to potential increase in regulation or taxation ENVIRONMENTALISTS Using public money for environmental protection MUTUAL GAINS: RSPB

3. The “Health Check” has left the CAP basically unchanged until 2013. We can’t afford more waiting Conservation status of agricultural habitats European Commission 2009 RSPB Mariano Fracchiolla

4. The CAP has changed… but has also stayed the same! EU-10EU-12EU-15EU-25EU-27 Source, DG Agri

5. 8% of the CAP is currently directed at the environment...yet the whole CAP money is accounted as “Preservation and management of natural resources” under Heading 2 of the EU budget! CAP 2007-2013 budget (including national financing) RSPB & IEEP figures based on Rural Development Programmes Completely untargeted spending, mostly historic entitlements discriminating against extensive farming

6. The main instruments are intrinsically flawed... Cross compliance & single payments scheme are ill-suited to deliver for the environment (BirdLife 2009b; European Court of Auditors 2008) www.nrn.ie Several examples of agri-environment schemes being used as income support without SMART environmental objectives (BirdLife 2009a)...while others are opportunistically distorted A Hay Luigi Boccaccio

7. Time for the tough question, what is the CAP for? Supporting farmers income? – But marginal farmers recurrently disadvantaged Improving the environment? – Cross compliance is just green smokescreen and harmful farming systems often better subsidised than more sustainable systems Guaranteeing “food security”, safety and quality? – How exactly? With decoupled payments??? Compensating for meeting EU standards? – Lack of systematic evidence of higher standards in EU. Many sectors comply with high standards and receive no money…

8. The CAP is on weak ground ‘Health Check’ found excellent health… but Court of Auditors finds waste of public funds! Tiny shifts of money between pillars get us excited, but hardly anybody else… A race to re-nationalisation: Member States free to channel money where they see fit (art 68 and modulation “a la carte”), loosening of state aid rules. A widespread call for reduction in public spending There are even those who say it is time to put an end to it all!

9. Well, first we should go back to basic principles What are the objectives? What are the tools? Where does it make sense to deploy tools at EU rather than national level? Is public spending the right answer (rather than regulation, taxation, labelling, trade policy)?

10. So where does BirdLife stand? Environment and food “security”- understood globally and on the long term A strong policy able to influence land use at European level A system to reward land managers for the positive externalities of their production Support farming to move into new production systems that use less oil and less water, produce less emissions, conserve soils and restore biodiversity, while adapting to climate change!!! We still need a CAP, but the right one! Luigi Boccaccio

11. What we don’t want? A policy that wastes resources A policy without clear links between spending and results: full accountability of beneficiaries and Member States! A return to policies that support production regardless of its sustainability A policy that unjustly discriminates between farmers (both inside and outside the EU) RSPB

12. So what does it mean in practice? (1) Pay for the delivery of public goods Support HNV farming systems Support sustainable investments in innovation, quality, diversification etc Ensure a solid baseline: polluter pays, not polluter gets paid! Programming, monitoring, evaluation, feedback, stakeholders involvement, subsidiarity & accountability)

13. So what does it mean in practice? (2) Solid mandatory baseline (e.g. protection of permanent grasslands and landscape elements) Decoupled area payments: – A basic scheme, available to most farmers, rewarding sustainable practices (10% environmental priority areas, crop rotation, limits on stocking density and supplementary animal feeding) – Specific support to HNV and organic farming Targeted agri-environment measures Natura 2000 and WFD compensation schemes Hellenic Ornithological Society Andy Hay RSPB-images.com

14. So what does it mean in practice? (3) Capital grants for – Green technologies – Improved competitiveness of sustainable farming systems – Diversification (when linked to sustainable land management) Services to sustainable land management: – Advisory, alert systems, cooperative management, management planning etc E Vukelic Andris Klepers

15. The CAP cannot solve everything Adrian long Marigo Ariel Brunner Environmental legislation and policies Consumption policies Input taxation, water pricing etc Land use planning Trade policy incorporating environmental concerns Energy policy NABU

16. Interested in knowing more? BirdLife’s work on agriculture in the EU: http://www.birdlife.org/eu/EU_policy/Agriculture/index.html BirdLife’s vision on the future of the CAP: http://www.birdlife.org/eu/pdfs/CAP%20Brochure.pdf BirdLife’s document on “Food security, climate change and biodiversity”: http://www.birdlife.org/eu/pdfs/Food%20Security_new.pdf BirdLife report “Could do better: How is the EU Rural Development policy delivering for biodiversity?” http://www.birdlife.org/eu/EU_policy/Agriculture/eu_agriculture_do_better.html BirdLife’s report “Through the green smokescreen: How is CAP cross compliance delivering for biodiversity?” http://www.birdlife.org/eu/EU_policy/Agriculture/eu_agriculture_Green_Smokescreen.html Upcoming: CAP reform proposal…

17. Thank you for your attention! BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL EUROPEAN DIVISION Avenue de la Toison d’Or 67 1060 BRUSSELS- BELGIUM Tel. +32 2 280 08 30 www.birdlife.org Ariel Brunner Stefan Benko Luigi.Boccaccio@rspb.org.uk Luigi Boccaccio