1. Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation Warsaw, 7-8 October 2004 Roundtable: Hydrogen energy technologies and economy Hydrogen Technologies Leading to a Hydrogen Economy Hanns-Joachim Neef h.j.neef@fz-juelich.de Project Management Organisation Jülich (Projektträger Jülich, PTJ)

2. PtJ at a glance - 2003 Offices at: Jülich, Berlin, Rostock Staff: total 325; about 150 scientific personnel Total budget administered : ca. 600 Mio. € No. of projects administered : ca. 5300 Number of projects Annual budget (Mio. €) Biotechnology 862120 Energy884129 Environment42441 Marine, Polar and Geo Sciences Shipping and Marine Technology 217 151 49 15 Basic Science12811 Material Research and Chemical Technologies83277 SME and Innovation Support1487121 Programmes of the Federal States (Bundesländer) 35033

3. Why Hydrogen? H 2 and security of energy supply H 2 as a bridging option H 2 and global climate protection H 2 and local environmental protection H 2 and renewable energy H 2 and fuel cells H 2 and investment in energy infrastructure H 2 and industrial competitiveness

4. RTD, DemonstrationCommercialization, market penetration Energy security and supply Competitiveness Air quality Global climate protection H 2 driving force 2010 2020 2030 2040 time H 2 production & distribution FC & H 2 systems Series production Passenger cars Distributed power generation Dominant technology Filling/refuelling stations Distribution grids Pipeline infrastructure CO 2 -free production The Way to the Hydrogen Economy Fossil- fuel-based economy Hydrogen- oriented economy Ref: European High Level Group, 2003

5. H 2 produced by reforming of natural gas Local H 2 production at refuelling stations (reforming and electrolysis) H 2 produced from fossil fuels with CO 2 Capture and Storage (CCS) Significant H 2 production from renewables, incl. biomass gasification Increasing de-carbonisation of H 2 production; renewables; fossil fuels with CCS; new nuclear Direct H 2 production from renewables; de- carbonised H 2 society H 2 Production 2000 2010 2015 2020 2040 2050 Ref: European High Level Group, 2003

6. H 2 storage and distribution H 2 transport by road Local H 2 refuelling stations Local clusters of H 2 refuelling stations & clusters of local H 2 distribution grids 1 st generation H 2 storage Interconnection of local H 2 distribution grids Widespread of H 2 pipeline infrastructure 2 nd generation on-board H 2 storage 2000 2010 2015 2020 2025 Ref: European High Level Group, 2003

7. German Initiative Hydrogen Strategy Group BERTA Task Force Boundary Conditions Supply & Logistics Application Technologies PEFC Education & PR Standar- dization Hydrogen Production SOFC Working Groups Working Groups FC R&D Strategy Paper H 2 R&D Strategy Paper RTD Operations New and ongoing projects and initiatives

8. H 2 R&D Strategy Paper System Analysis Basic Research R&D for Application Demonstration Overall assessment of technologies P: alternative technologies, catalysts for decentralised reforming L: gas separation (H 2 and CO 2 ), new storage technologies A: materials for FC; materials for HD-H 2 turbines P: HD electrolysis; H 2 from coal or biomass, H 2 from off- shore wind, system analysis for decentralised reforming L: high-efficient H 2 liquefaction, GH 2 and LH 2 storage, refuelling components, pipeline systems, safety technologies A: H 2 ICE engines, H 2 burner for gas turbines, catalytic burners, membrane manufacture, FC manufacture, BOP components National, EU and international large scale projects (lighthouse projects) P = production L = logistic, infrastructure A = application

9. European Initiative European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform (H2FCTP) Platform Operations New and ongoing projects and initiatives (EU + MS national, regional & local) Member States' Mirror Group Strategic Research Agenda Financing, Business Development Advisory Council (Executive Group) H2FCTP Secretariat Deployment Strategy Regulations, Codes, Standards Education, Training Public Awareness Steering Panels Initiative Groups

10. ERA-NET on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: (1 October 2004 – 31 October 2008) HY-CO offers a common European platform for information and programme coordination of hydrogen and fuel cells R&D activities HY-CO establishes a common knowledge base for development of coherent policies towards a hydrogen economy HY-CO strengthens the European R&D and demonstration infrastructure on H2/FC technologies through joint activities HY-CO supports the Member States Mirror Group of the H2/FC Platform HY-CO has 21 participants from 16 countries HY - CO

11. International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy Observers: Egypt, New Zealand, Poland, … The vision of the International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy is that a participating country’s consumers will have the practical option of purchasing a competitively priced hydrogen powered vehicle, and be able to refuel it near their homes and places of work, by 2020. In reality, the IPHE Partners must learn: How to make fuel cells economical (reduce cost by a factor ten) Lower cost of hydrogen production by a factor four Devise practical new methods to store hydrogen Surmount the overarching obstacles to developing a hydrogen based delivery and refuelling system AustraliaIndia BrazilItaly CanadaJapan ChinaKorea ECNorway FranceRussia GermanyUK IcelandUS

12. IPHE Analysis of Options for International Co-operation Innovative and Alternative Production Processes of Hydrogen Collaborative Fuel Cell R&D under the IPHE Hydrogen Storage Collaborative Activities on Regulations, Codes and Standards for the Hydrogen Economy Socio-economics of Hydrogen

13. H 2 /FC Activities at the International Energy Agency International Cooperation Projects (Implementing Agreements, IAs) –Hydrogen IA –Advanced Fuel Cells IA –Several other IAs related to H 2 /FC (Alternative Motor Fuels; Greenhouse Gas R&D; System Analysis; …) Hydrogen Co-ordination Group (HCG) Energy Technology Perspective Project (Markal- based technical-economic modelling)

14. Conclusions We need new and improved technologies – otherwise the Hydrogen Economy will not be competitive Incentives to develop advanced technologies could speed their deployment and alter energy investment patterns Rules for successful international cooperation –You need added value – like the other partners –You get most out of it if you invest your own resources –You need internal coordination and dissemination –You need a contractual framework with  Clear objectives  Clear programme of work  Clear rules  Efficient management Thank you