1. HDTV and beyond (Material provided by Hans Hoffman) Elena Puigrefagut
ITU Regional Seminar ‘Transition to Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting and Digital Dividend’
Budapest, 06 November 2012

2. European Broadcasting Union
Association of public service media organisations
80+ active Members from 56 countries
40 associate Members around the world
470+ TV channels and 900+ radio channels
195 mil TV households and 600+ mil viewers every week
More than 60 mil people visit EBU Members’ web services every day
tech.ebu.ch

3. Definition of HDTV ITU-R BT. 709:
3h viewing distance h
ITU-R BT. 709:
„ A high definition system is a system designed to allow
viewing at about three times the picture height, such that the
system is virtually, or nearly, transparent to the quality or
portrayal that would have been perceived in the original scene
or performance by a discerning viewer with normal visual acuity.“

4. Migration to HDTV is unavoidable
Why and how to migrate to HDTV
HDTV offers a new experience of audiovisual content – increased perception of reality
Flat panel displays are available at affordable prices – SDTV pictures do not have an acceptable quality in flat panel displays
Consumer compares with HD-DVD or Blue Rays and moves to broadcasters providing high quality content – Competition!
Countries with good economic situation have already migrated or have already planned to do so in coming few years.
Migration to HDTV is unavoidable
Both production (studios) and distribution parts are to be migrated
In production, it is recommended to start by the studios and do news room at a later stage
Upconverted HDTV (from SDTV) should only be the exception (archives)
Once you have HDTV content, start migrating in distribution

5. What does HDTV require? In production:
New HDTV equipment (cameras, infrastructures, etc.) – Investment!
New production workflows
In distribution:
A new video compression format (HDTV requires more bandwidth) - Spectrum requirement!)
MPEG-4 H.264
DVB-T2?
DVB-T?
HEVC (H.265)
In the home:
An HDTV display and a HDTV set top box (if not integrated in the display) – Investment!

6. HDTV formats (1) 720p/50 and 1080i/25 are the most used
Difference in the spatial resolution (number of pixels)

7. HDTV formats (2) 720p/50 and 1080i/25 are the most used
Difference in the temporal resolution (number of frames per second)
half frames (fields) transmitted per second containing only 540 lines
50 full frames (fields) transmitted per second containing 720 lines
720p/50 offers double the number of full frames per second than 1080i/25: detailed motion rendition and increased sharpness of moving scenes

8. Full HDTV 1080p/50 is an evolutionary technology:
Uses good spatial resolution of 1080i/25
Uses the good temporal resolution of 720p/50
but
Uncompresed bit rate is double of 1080i/25 – it requires 3G SDI infraestructures

9. Full HDTV – Status 1080p/50 In production:
- 1080p/50 is an mature and fully standarised technology
Broadcasters deployment today is very limited
Equipment is still expensive
It requires higher bit rate thus more storage and network loads
In distribution and in the home:
With H.264/AVC coding similar bit rates than 1920x1080i/25 will be required, in future with HEVC less bit rate than today’s HDTV
almost all new flat panel displays with HDMI 1.3 interfaces and the HDTV 1080p label can display 1080p/50
Increased image quality perceived only with larger screen sizes or shorter viewing distances
Minority of set-top-boxes are able to decode 1080p/50

10. Spectrum requirements for HDTV
Suggested data rate for one programme, for different formats, using H.264/AVC source coding (estimated in a few years time):
Format
Source coding
Video data rate (Mbit/s)
Programme associated data (Mbit/s)
Total data rate for one programme (Mbit/s) SD
H.264/AVC
1.80
0.85
2.65
HD – 720p/50
7.00
7.85
HD – 1080i/25
7.50
8.35
HD -1080p/50 10
10.85
Number of programmes per multiplex for a fixed MFN, Fixed SFN and portable SFN mode with DVB T2 and statistical multiplexing (codec performances in a few years time):
Number of programmes per multiplex
Fixed MFN DVB‑T2
Fixed SFN DVB‑T2
Portable SFN DVB‑T2 SD
H.264/AVC 18 16 12
HD – 720p/50 6 5 3
HD – 1080i/25
HD – 1080p/50 4 2

11. Beyond HDTV

12. 1920
1080
HDTV – Television Frame Rates, 50/60

13. 3840
2160
UHD-1 – Television Frame Rates, 50,60, 120 Hz

14. 4096
2160
4k – Digital Cinema Frame Rates 24, 48,

15. 7680
4320
UHD-2 – Television Frame Rates, 50,60, 120 Hz

16. Beyond HDTV - Status
- 4K screen will come into the market. Production not ready yet
- 8K UHDTV systems are expected to start in Korea and Japan
Use the footer for the presentation title

17. ‘‘ The staircase to quality heaven...’’
8k (16 x HD
Ultra HD 2) 4k
(Ultra HD1)
8k Ultra HDTV
Progressive
Higher Frame rate?
More colours?
Higher Contrast?
3DTV
Multiview ?
Transition
to 1080p/50
(full HD)
Immersive Quality 4k
Progressive
Higher Frame rate?
More colours?
3DTV
Two normal HDTV images ?
Transition
SDTV to HDTV HD
Master Format
1080p/50
Progressive
3DTV
Two normal HDTV images
Legacy HDTV
1080i/25 & 720p50
Stereo 3DTV
two ½ HD images
Transition
analogue to digital
DIGITAL
Standard TV
625 –lines
1990s
2004
2011
….2016….
…202x

18. Starting HDTV: Decisions to be made
What HDTV format in production?
720p/50 or 1080i/25 now
1080p/50 in near future
What format for sound?
multichannel (surround sound) audio
What infrastructure for real time?
HD-SDI or 3G-SDI (1080p/50 future proof)
File based production
What distribution format?
720p/50 or 1080i/25 (EBU recommended 720p/50)
What distribution coding?
MPEG-4 H.264
What distribution platform?
Start satellite then cable, DVB-T/T2, IP

19. EBU documentation Recommendations EBU Statement R112 – 2004
Strategic documents
HDTV in Europe from 2009
Technical Documents
Tech Report 005: Information Paper on HDTV Formats
Tech 3299: HDTV Production Formats
HD Studio Video Compression: EBU BPN series
HD Distribution codec tests: EBU BPN series
Tech Report 003: Advice on HD infrastructure
Tech 3333: HDTV Receiver Guidelines
Tech Report 010: 3DTV
Tech Report 014: what follows HDTV

20. Thank you for your attention!
Elena Puigrefagut
Web:
tech.ebu.ch