1. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 1 Sungkyunkwan University Tizen v2.3 Application Model

2. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 2 1. Web Application Model

3. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 3 Web application – Using web based technologies (HTML/JS/CSS/etc.) – Accessing local device / platform resources – Can be installed on the device Web Runtime – Package management (installation, update, etc.) – Execution and lifecycle (launching, pause, resume, etc.) – Runtime security (API/network access, sandboxing, etc.) – Device and platform integration What is Web app and Web Runtime

4. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 4 Tizen Web App Ecosystem

5. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 5 Environment within which all web applications run on Tizen To access local device and platform resources Web Runtime on Tizen v2.3

6. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 6 Tizen v2.3 Web Runtime Internal Blocks

7. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 7 Describes the web application itself Follows W3C widget Spec, and Tizen- specific features : application name attribute : Each feature has a corresponding URL from which you can obtain more information about the feature config.xml element. List any privileges application requires attribute. Unique application identifier attribute. The minimum required platform on which the application can run To make use of certain functionality provided by another application Show some dynamically updated content from another application directly on the home screen

8. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 8 Based on open-source javascript libraries – Such as jQueryMobile, jQuery, Globalize Provide a large set of widgets that have the same look and feel Tizen Web UI framework

9. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 9 Overview – Touch-optimized JavaScript framework for developing mobile web application – Includes optimized functions such as UI controls, event handler, animation effects, and Ajax communication – Consists of HTML, CSS, JavaScript – HTML5-based user interface system designed to make responsive web sites and apps – data-* attributes: data-role, data-theme, data-position, data-transition, data- icon Supported platforms – Apple iOS, Android, Windows Phone, Blackberry, Palm WebOS, Firefox Mobile, Chrome for Android, Skyfire, Opera Mobile, Meego, Tizen, Samsung Bada, Kindle, … Downloads – From jquerymobile.com or using jQuery Mobile CDN (Contents Delivery Network) Comparison with Sencha Touch – Superior in terms of portability, performance, entry barrier, and library size jQuery Mobile

10. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 10 jQuery Mobile (example) jQuery Mobile library jQuery library jQuery Mobile stylesheets

11. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 11 designing and developing applications that function for multiple cultures jQuery.glob.all.js includes around 350 cultures (date, number, currency) Globalization

12. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 12 2. Native Application Model

13. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 13 UI applications – Which have a graphical user interface – Only one of them can be in the foreground at a time Service applications – Which do not have a graphical user interface (background) – Displayed by Task switcher (which provides the list of all running applications), but no event occurs if the user selects – Useful in performing activities that need to run periodically or continuously, but do not require any user intervention Native Application

14. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 14 Multitasking in Tizen – Supported but only one Tizen UI application can run in the foreground while the remaining applications run in the background – Determine which UI application is running on the foreground Using the task switcher Using main menu icons – Termination when the End key or the system memory is low Out of Memory Policy – low-memory killer will zap background applications in least-recently- used order until memory pressure has been relieved. Multitasking priority level Native Application Model LowBackground UI applications Service applications Background media players Foreground UI application Foreground media player Application launcher HighVoice or video call, or other system applications

15. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 15 Handling System Events – Battery Events Check the battery level of the device using OnBatteryLevelChanged() or OnBatteryLevelChangedInPercentage() event handler Ex) EMPTY; terminate the application, CRITICAL; stop using multimedia features – Memory Events Free unused memory form the heap using the OnLowMemory() event handler – Screen Events (applicable only to UI applications) When the OnScreenOff(), reduce power consumption by releasing the activated resources (such as 3D, media, and sensors) which are no longer used to enter the sleep mode – Checkpoint Events To avoid losing data due to unexpected termination, save the application state or context to the application registry or to the device storage using OnAppChechpointing() event handler Native Application Model

16. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 16 A frame is created by UI application, initialized with app_create_cb() After the application is initialized, it can handle events and its state is set to running The application gets to release its resources when the app_terminate_cb() event handler is called Life Cycle of Native Applications

17. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 17 Launching – UI app; from the main menu, task switcher, a running application or when a registered condition is met – Service app; from another application When starts, – Process Manager loads the necessary libraries and executable binary into the memory – Instance of the application is created, executed in main() Initializing, previous application states are loaded, ui_app_main() Launching Application

18. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 18 When, – Tizen native application itself calls the Terminate() – The system forced the application to shut down Memory or battery power is extremely low – Handled in the app_terminate_cb() Free its resources and terminates Allocated UI controls, such as the form and its child controls are also released save the application's states into application registry urgent termination – triggered by the power-off and OOM – this method is not likely to be called, so the application should save the critical data as often as possible. (check point or callback for low memory) normal termination – triggered by self or other applications – this method is executed properly (more time but limit of 3-5 seconds) Terminating Application

19. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 19 Application State Transition Paused Application is not visible for the user Running While the UI app is running, it can switch between the background and foreground During the switch, the window state of the app changes The service app always runs in the background Initializing App framework initializes the application The app data saved on the previous run is restored For UI app, the app's frame must be created and added explicitly in app_create_cb() Terminated App framework removes the app from memory

20. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 20 full-screen Tizen::Ui::Controls::Frame container that creates the top-level window – There must be at least one frame per application The form in turn contains the indicator bar, header, footer, and UI controls – There can be multiple forms per application Tizen User Interface

21. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 21 One frame in a UI application which is the top-level main window The frame has three states Frame State Transition State: Minimized Status: Invisible, Graphic / media processing and sensor manipulations are discontinued Triggered by: 1. HOME key is pressed 2. Another UI application has been launched State: Deactivated Status: No input to deactivated frame, partially shown Triggered by: 1. Another frame is located on top of the current frame 2. Another window, such as an incoming call, pop-up, or alarm is displayed State: Activated Status: Fully visible, receive input Triggered by: 1. User selects the application on task switcher 2. User presses the main menu icon 3. A window that had caused the application to become deactivated is terminated

22. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 22 Register application with specific launch conditions – When the launch conditions are met, the registered application is launched automatically Registration – At runtime, AppManager::RegisterAppLaunch() method with privilege http://tizen.org/privilege/application.launch – At application installation, by specifying the condition in the manifest file Registering a Launch Condition TypeCondition formatDescription Due timeL"DateTime= 'mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss'" Launch at the wall time, 'mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss'. PeriodL"DueTime= 'mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss' LaunchPeriod='mm'" Launch at the wall time, 'mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss', and every 'mm' minutes. The launch period must be between 60 minutes and 10 years. SerialL"Serial='keyword'"Launch when receiving 'keyword' as serial communication input. NFCL"NFC='command'"Launch when receiving 'command' as Near Field Communication (NFC) tag with NFC Data Exchange Format (NDEF) data.

23. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 23 Tizen::Io::MessagePortManager class – All Tizen native applications can communicate with each other using a MessagePort – The message data type is a map data which consists of a key and value pair (Tizen::Base::String) 2 types of message ports – The Tizen::Io::LocalMessagePort class To receive messages from the another application, set the Tizen::Io::IMessagePortListener interface from the local message port. – The Tizen::Io::RemoteMessagePort class To send messages to other applications The local message port information can be sent to the other application for bi- directional communication Message Port

24. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 24 SendMessage() – send messages to another application OnMessageReceivedN() – Another application can receive the messages Uni-directional Communication

25. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 25 In the server application, – Tizen::Io::LocalMessagePort::RequestLocalMessagePort() Requests a LocalMessagePort instance with the specified message port name – AddMessagePortListener() Receive message from the client application – OnMessageReceivedN() Handle the received messages from the client application In the client application, – Tizen::Io::LocalMessagePort::RequestRemoteMessagePort() Retrieve the RemoteMessagePort instance with specified remote application ID and message port name – SendMessage() Send messages from the client application to the server application Uni-directional Communication

26. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 26 SendMessage() – Send messages and local message port information to another application – This local message port information can be used to send the response messages from the other application which receives these messages OnMessageReceivedN() – Receive the messages – The remote message port information can be used to send response messages to the application which sends the messages Bi-directional Communication

27. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 27 In the server application, – Tizen::Io::LocalMessagePort::RequestLocalMessagePort() Requests a LocalMessagePort instance with the specified message port name – AddMessagePortListener() Receive message from the client application – OnMessageReceivedN() Handle the received messages from the client application Respond back using the RemoteMessagePort instance received from the client application In the client application, – RequestRemoteMessagePort() / RequestLocalMessagePort() Retrieve the RemoteMessagePort/LocalMessagePort instance with specified remote application ID and message port name / just message port name – SendMessage() Send messages from the client application to the server application – OnMessageReceivedN() Handle the received messages from the server application Bi-directional Communication

28. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 28 Application controls and data controls – Create the author certificated and register the created certificate to IDE Execute certificate-generator.sh or certificate-generator.bat with shell Output is pkcs12 file – Give permission by application certificate in the manifest editor Other applications with which have the same permission can access the exported functionality of the application Message port communication – RequestTrustdLocalMessagePort(), RequestTrustedRemoteMessagePort() Get the trusted message port instance Only if both applications are signed with a certificate that is uniquely assigned to its developer Trusted Communication

29. Embedded Software Lab. @ SKKU 29 Trusted shared directory – To share trusted data – GetAppSharedPath() to get the trusted shared directory of the target application If other applications try to access this path, the E_ILLEGAL_ACCESS error Trusted Communication