1. Louisville March 22, 2006 Andrew Chamblin Memorial An AdS Thermal Properties of Strongly Coupled Gauge Theories with Fundamental Matter from Gauge/Gravity Duality (Inflation in the AdS/CFT)

2. Anti-de Sitter space does not inflate! How do we study inflation with AdS/CFT? “Attach” AdS space to an inflating region Freivogel, Hubeny, Maloney, RCM, Rangamani and Shenker (hep-th/0510046)

3. string theory seems to yield “landscape” with many, many “vacua” with Λ positive, negative or zero String Theory Landscape:

4. ^ ^ V Simple model for landscape: AdS ~ CFT dS fluctuations around are captured in CFT study bubbles of dS phase in AdS background (closely related to “creating a universe in a laboratory”) Farhi & Guth; Farhi, Guth & Guven extends to excursions to dS extremum at

5. domain wall Thin wall approximation:small dS: AdS:use Israel boundary conditions: smooth at boundary but discontinuous

6. Thin domain wall constructions: Other simplifications: spherically symmetric; 4 dimensions Metric inside bubble: Metric outside bubble: dS radius: where AdS radius: BH horizon: Bubble mass: Scales: de Sitter space Schwarzschild-AdS space

7. Thin domain wall constructions: geometries are patched together at domain wall: world-volume metric: wall trajectory determined by junction condition: extrinsic curvatures ~ calculate, calculate, calculate …….. effective classical mechanics problem

8. Thin domain wall constructions: bubble mass effective particle motion with microscopic parameters dimensionless radius

9. Thin domain wall constructions: effective particle motion with

10. Thin domain wall constructions: effective particle motion with

11. Thin domain wall constructions: effective particle motion with

12. Thin domain wall constructions: Penrose diagrams: de Sitter spaceSchwarzschild-AdS space

13. Thin domain wall constructions: Penrose diagrams: de Sitter spaceSchwarzschild-AdS space cut and paste: outsideinside

14. Thin domain wall constructions:

18. singularity

19. Thin domain wall constructions:

22. Boundary CFT / Holography: light collapsing dS bubbles: excitations of AdS vacuum which are described by boundary CFT inflating dS bubbles?

23. Boundary CFT / Holography: light collapsing dS bubbles: excitations of AdS vacuum which are described by boundary CFT inflating dS bubbles: claim these are not described by CFT alone – new holographic d.o.f. describe dS region central to argument is observation that inflating regions always arise behind BH horizon (Einstein-Rosen throat)

24. tracing over leaves mixed state in right CFT Detour on AdS/CFT correspondence: eternal Schwarzschild-AdS space corresponds to pure entangled state in doubled Hilbert space (Maldacena; Balasubramanian etal)

25. tracing over leaves mixed state in right CFT Detour on AdS/CFT correspondence: eternal Schwarzschild-AdS space corresponds to pure entangled state in doubled Hilbert space radial cut-off in AdS, energy cut-off in CFT, [ plus (D – 1)-dimensional gravity! ] (Randall & Sundrum) geodesics with higher energies probe AdS space out to larger radius

26. Holography and Inflating Bubbles: consider large region on left appears as Schwarzschild-AdS introduce cut-off: have entangled state in two independent cut-off CFT’s as increases: fill out CFT on right, higher-E d.o.f. not organized as CFT but still large independent dual, only Sch.-AdS!!

27. Holography and Inflating Bubbles: consider independent holographic d.o.f. needed to describe inflating dS bubble on left!! may have pure entangled state on two Hilbert spaces or mixed state on single Hilbert space of CFT on right What can we say about new holographic d.o.f.?

28. Fidkowski, Hubeny, Kleban & Shenker Detour back to Eternal AdS Black Hole: boundary operators with large dimension Δ describe bulk particles with mass m ~ Δ black hole singularity repells geodesics certain correlators contain singularity when geodesic becomes null [singularity is off in complex plane]

29. Probes of Inflation in AdS/CFT: same probe for entangled state of AdS and dS bubble “big crunch” singularities do not repell geodesics extinguishes singularities for certain ranges

30. “Creating a universe in a laboratory” (Farhi & Guth) classically creating inflating region requires past singularity singularity theorems p

31. “Creating a universe in a laboratory” (Farhi & Guth) classically creating inflating region requires past singularity singularity theorems (Farhi, Guth & Guven) quantum tunnelling could lead to creation of inflating region classical quantum tunnelling

32. “Creating a universe in a laboratory” (Farhi & Guth) classically creating inflating region requires past singularity singularity theorems (Farhi, Guth & Guven) quantum tunnelling could lead to creation of inflating region no euclidean instanton!! “pseudo-instanton”? unitarity of quantum mechanics prevents process!! initial small bubble = pure state “target” inflating solution = mixed state quantum mechanics: pure mixed X

33. Discussion: string theory seems to yield landscape with many AdS & dS “vacua” while AdS described by CFT, AdS connected to inflating region requires additional holographic d.o.f. tracing out dS d.o.f. results in mixed state for CFT have controlled framework to study dS holography nearly null geodesics give dramatic effects in CFT correlators (on second sheet) cannot “build” inflating universe, even quantum mechanically other questions/answers? precisely when does holographic dual make transition from pure to mixed state??

34. So long, my friend.