1. Managing in a Digital World MIS2101: Management Information Systems Based on material from Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World, Leonard Jessup and Joseph Valacich, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007 Also includes material by David Schuff, Paul Weinberg, and Cindy Joy Marselis.

2. 2 1-2 “You can’t just ask people what they want and then try to give it to them. By the time you get it built, they’ll want something else” Steve Jobs, Apple Computer (on pleasing customers)

3. 3 1-3 Learning Objectives

4. 4 1-4 Learning Objectives

5. 5 1-5 Characteristics of the Digital World The Knowledge Worker Term coined by Peter Drucker in 1959 An individual who is relatively well educated and who creates, modifies and/or synthesizes knowledge as a fundamental part of a job Knowledge Society New Economy/Digital World Digital Divide

6. 6 1-6 The Knowledge Society Information is now as important as land, labor and capital.

7. 7 1-7 Globalization Globalization manifests itself through changes in economy, cultures and technology. Globalization is the integration of economies throughout the world, enabled by technological progress.

8. 8 1-8 Information Systems: Definition Combination of five six key elements: People Hardware Software Data Telecommunications networks Processes A set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization.... Source: Laudon, K & Laudon, J, Managing Information Systems

9. 9 Six MIS Functions FunctionDescriptionExample CaptureObtain representation of info in a form for transmission and storage Keyboard, bar code scanner, document scanner, optical character recognition, sound recorder, video camera, voice recognition software TransmitMove info from place to place TV, satellite broadcasts, telephone networks, data networks, fiber optic cable, voice mail, internet StoreMove info to specific place for later retrieval Paper, computer tape, floppy disk, hard disk, optical disk, CD-ROM, flash memory

10. 10 Six MIS Functions FunctionDescriptionExample RetrieveFind specific information needed Paper, computer tape, floppy disk, hard disk, flash memory ManipulateCreate new info from existing info through summarizing, sorting, rearranging, reformatting, etc. Computer and software DisplayShow infoPrinter, computer screen How have these functions changed in the past 10 years?

11. 11 1-11 Data: A key component of information systems Distinction between: Data – raw, unformatted information E.g.: 5433333353 Information – data that is transformed to have a meaning E.g.: (543) 333-3353 Knowledge – body of governing procedures used to organize or manipulate data Wisdom – accumulated knowledge

12. 12 1-12 Data: A key component of information systems

13. 13 1-13 Learning Objectives

14. 14 1-14 Builders and Managers of IS Career opportunities are strong and expected to grow Computer/IT analyst and Computer & IS Manager both in the top 10 best jobs for the next decade Median earnings for managers $102,360 (May 2005)

15. 15 1-15 Best Jobs for the Next Decade

16. 16 1-16 Careers and Salaries in the IS Field (National Average)

17. 17 1-17 Careers in IS: Evolution of the CIO Chief Information Officer (CIO) – job title became popular in 1980s Early 1990s – people joked that CIO stands for “Career Is Over”

18. 18 1-18 The CIO Today Most large and midsize organizations have a CIO Rob Carter of FedEx – CIO of the year (2006)

19. 19 1-19 What Makes IS Personnel Valuable? Integrated knowledge and skills in three areas: Technical Competency - s kills in hardware, software, networking and security Business Competency – understanding of the nature of the business; this is key in addition to the technical competency System Competency – understanding of how to build and integrate large scale systems

20. 20 1-20 The Context of IS Many different types of systems are used in organizations E.g.: transaction processing systems, decision support systems, intelligent systems, etc. These systems used to be cleanly categorized – now the boundaries are fading due to integration. But management requirements for each type of system are different.

21. 21 Changing Assumptions Old: Long-range planning important New: Adaptability important Old: Information systems record information about the work New: Information systems do the work Old: People have stable jobs and careers New: Work environments and job duties change rapidly. Country boundaries don’t matter. What does technology have to do with each of these?

22. 22 1-22 End User Development The advent of the PC and early applications packages led to end-user development This has created new opportunities but also management challenges.

23. 23 1-23 Other Issues and Opportunities Faced by the IS Function The spread of technology in organizations Downsizing and Outsourcing Career prospects and opportunities Need for people within organizations with analyst skills that also have technology skills

24. 24 Other Issues and Opportunities Faced by the IS Function Greater Miniaturization, Speed, and Portability miniaturization integrated circuit Moore’s Law portability Greater Connectivity and Continuing Convergence of Computing and Communications connectivity interoperabiliity open systems convergence of computing and communications Greater Use of Digitized Information and Multimedia digitization multimedia Better Software Techniques and Interfaces with People

25. 25 Miniaturization Moore’s Law Chip capacities (storage and processing) have doubled every 18 months Why? Because they are getting smaller. But there are problems, for example… “Chip gates” are becoming too small to block electrons, which determine the 1s from the 0s How to get around laws of quantum mechanics? Moore himself said we may hit the limit by 2017

26. 26 The Computer Revolution: Moore’s Law Drives Microchip Performance Up... Source: Brynjolfsson, E. and S. Yang “Information Technology and Productivity: A Review of the Literature”, Advances in Computers, 1996.

27. 27 Source: Brynjolfsson, E. and S. Yang “Information Technology and Productivity A Review of the Literature”, Advances in Computers, 1996. The Computer Revolution …and Computer Costs Down…

28. 28 Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-28 Learning Objectives

29. 29 1-29 The Dual Nature of IS IS can make you or break you U.S. Navy – The failure $ 1 billion wasted on 4 different ERP applications FedEx – The success $ 32 billion family of companies – largest express transportation company “Information hub for business where managing information is the business”

30. 30 1-30 Why Information Systems Matter Nicholas Carr article – “IT Doesn’t Matter” IT no longer a source of advantage on the firm level Companies should focus IT on cost reduction and risk mitigation Many experts disagreed with his arguments Abbie Lundberg – Interview with Carr Don Tapscott – “The Engine That Drives Success: The Best Companies Have the Best Business Models Because They Have the Best IT Strategies” Many successful companies use IT to support a unique business strategy

31. 31 Major Ideas Integration: There are no boundaries between Business process design and technology design Major business functions Location doesn’t matter IT does matter IT is a major driver of business innovation The use of technology by itself doesn’t guarantee success

32. 32 Some keys to success... Avoid unrealistic expectations Understand the issues associated with building, modifying, and integrating systems Be able to handle organizational inertia Consider what may happen to business and technology during the lifespan of a system Be sure technology and business initiatives are linked

33. 33 In this course... You won’t be learning programming, algorithm design, or database structure You will be learning critical thinking about technology’s role in overall business success How business and IT professionals communicate What roles IT plays in modern business firms How to get things done using IT How to get value from IT initiatives

34. 34 Cases

35. 35 1-35 ChoicePoint Inc. Identity theft – the crime of the 21 st century 8.9 million victims in the first 7 months of 2006 ChoicePoint maintains 19 billion pieces of information on virtually every adult in the US 2005 – identity thieves bought more than 100,000 records from ChoicePoint 750 of these became victims of identity theft In 2006 ChoicePoint was fined $10 million for the security breach $ 5 million was paid to consumers affected by this Security audits implemented

36. 36 1-36 MTV Europe The most international television network in the world Now working to break into a new medium: mobile television screens MTV-Europe: testing ground