1. Affirmative Action

2. Under Federal Affirmative Action laws and regulations, public universities receiving federal funds must: o Maintain minority admissions percentages equal to the percentage of minorities in the state population. o Maintain minority admissions percentages equal to the percentage of minorities among the state’s high school graduates. ?

3. Under Federal Affirmative Action laws and regulations, public universities receiving federal funds must: Maintain minority admissions percentages equal to the percentage of minorities in the state population. Maintain minority admissions percentages equal to the percentage of minorities among the state’s high school graduates. Not discriminate based on race, color, national origin, or gender

4. Civil Rights Act Title VI Sec. 2000d. No person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.

5. University of California Regents v. Bakke: Medical school admission plan reserved 16\100 seats for minority students. Bakke denied admission twice despite higher scores. 4 Justices argue race should not be a facotr at all 4 Justices favored the plan Justice Powell sides with both

6. Powell’s decision Quotas violate Title VI Race may be used as a “plus factor”

7. Michigan cases GRATZ ET AL. v. BOLLINGER (undergraduate) GRUTTER v. BOLLINGER. (Law School)

8. GRATZ ET AL. v. BOLLINGER (undergraduate) 90 – 100/150 points needed for admission

9. Academic – max: 110 GPA80 SAT12 Rigor of school10 Weak courses -4 Strong courses+8 Disadvantage\discretion – max 20 Member of minority group 20 Minority high school 20 Economic disadvantage20 Athlete20 Provost’s discretion 1-20 Residence – max 16 Michigan resident 10 Underrepresented county 6 Underrepresented state 2 Other Alumni relationship 1-4 Personal essay 1-3 Leadership\service 1-5 Personal achievements1-5 Total max – 150

10. Anti –Affirmative Action Referenda California: Prop 209 (1996) Washington: I-200 (1998) Michigan: Prop 2 (2006)

11. Michigan proposition 2 (1) The University of Michigan, Michigan State University, Wayne State University, and any other public college or university, community college, or school district shall not discriminate against, or grant preferential treatment to, any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin in the operation of public employment, public education, or public contracting. (2) The state shall not discriminate against, or grant preferential treatment to, any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin in the operation of public employment, public education, or public contracting.