1. Pune, India, 13 – 15 December 2010 ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 Beyond the Internet? - Innovations for future networks and services Alex Galis University College London a.galis@ee.ucl.ac.uk; www.ee.ucl.ac.uk/~agalis Future Networks: Challenges and standardization results ITU-T Focus Group on Future Networks (Keynote Presentation)

2. Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 2 Content Internet Today / Current Networks Context Challenges & Why to change Drivers for Change Research Initiatives ITU-T FG FN Focus Group Future Networks Future Networks Objectives, Design Objectives, Technologies Concluding Remarks

3. ARPAnet Plan – late 1960s Rough sketch by Larry Roberts Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 3

4. Internet 1973 UCL connected in July 1973 to ARPAnet Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 4

5. Inter-networks Demonstration 1977 Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 5

6. Internet 2010 Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 6

7. Current Internet The Internet plays a central and vital role in our society Work and business, education, entertainment, social life, … Victim of its own success, suffering from ossification Innovation meets natural resistance (e.g. no IPv6, no mobile IP, no inter-domain DiffServ, no inter-domain multicast, etc.) Services such as P2P, IPTV, emerging services, pose new requirements on the underlying network architecture Big growth in terms of the number of inter-connected devices but slow growth in innovation and new services Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 7

8. Key Changes in Internet - History Changes were possible when the Internet was still an academic research network (i.e. until 1993 when the WWW turned it to a commercial) Inter-network that underpins the information society Key changes in that period were the following: 1982 DNS, 1983 TCP/IP instead of NCP, 1987 TCP congestion control, 1991 BGP policy routing, 1991 SNMP No significant changes since then apart from MPLS which has been deployed in addition to plain IP Research efforts towards the Future Internet: evolutionary & cleaner-slate & clean-slate approaches, changes, migration Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 8

9. Next Generation Networks Next (NGN) ITU-T : 2004 - Present A Next generation network (NGN) is a packet-based network which can provide services including Telecommunication Services and able to make use of multiple broadband, Quality of Service-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies. It offers unrestricted access by users to different service providers. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users. Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 9

10. Overall NGN Architecture Transport stratum Service stratum Media Handling Functions Access Functions Other networks Other networks Customer Functions Transport User Profile Functions Application Functions Gateway Functions Transport Control Functions Control Media NNI UNI Edge Functions Network Attachment Control Functions Core Transport functions Core Transport Functions Access Transport functions Access Transport Functions Service and Control Functions Service User Profile Functions Management Functions Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 10

11. Current Internet Model Hourglass Paradigm: Every System on IP an IP on Every System KISS Principle : Keep it Simple, Stupid ( i.e. today optimisation is tomorrows bottleneck) D. Isenberg Simple network layer Services are realised at the end-hosts -Robust & scalable communications -Adaptable to unpredictable new applications (i.e. source of innovation) Current Networks - Status Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 11

12. Current Internet Disappearance of the End-host only concept ( i.e. edge networks; new nodes : sensors, mobile devices ) Lack of in-system management (i.e. information, decision, implementation – closed control loops for realising management requirements) Trustworthy User / Network / Service (i.e. end-host protocols can and are altered many security issues) Best effort service delivery No explicit media & content handling Size & Costs: N X 10 9 connectivity points - status: reaching maturity and maybe some limits N X10 5 services /applications - status: fast growing N X10 3 Exabyte's content - status: fast growing Cost structure: 80% ( 90%) of lifecycle costs are operational and management costs - status: reaching crisis level Ossification: reaching crisis level A lot of missing and interrelated features; missing enablers for integration and orchestration of Nets, Services, Content, Storage Substantial barriers to innovation with novel services, networking systems, architecture and technologies Internet & NGN No longer fit for new purposes Some of the reasons: Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 12

13. How to change Approach: Parallel and Interconnected Internets; Progressive changes; Cleaner slate and evolutionary Network of networks system of coordinated service networks Virtualization of resources (Networks, Services, Content, Storage) Programmability Increased self-managebility as the means of controlling the complexity and the lifecycle costs Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 13

14. Research Initiatives 1. Korea - Future Internet Forum - http://fif.kr/ 2. Asia Future Internet - http://www.asiafi.net/ 3. Japan - AKARI Future Internet - http://akariproject.nict.go.jp/eng/concept design.htm 4. USA - Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI) - http://www.geni.net 5. European Union - Future Internet Assembly (FIA) www.future-internet.eu Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 14

15. Current Internet Period: July 2009 – Dec 2010 Objective: document results that would enable development of Recommendations for future networks Results: FNs Vision Document + 3 Supporting Technologies - published in early January 2011 www.itu.int/en/ITU- T/focusgroups/fn/Pages/Default.aspx ITU-T FG FN -Focus Group Future Networks Chairman: Takashi Egawa (NEC, Japan) - 2010 Morita Naotaka (NTT, Japan) - 2009 Vice-Chairman: Hyoung Jun Kim (ETRI, Korea) Vice-Chairman: Alex Galis (University College London, UK) Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 15

16. Future networks ITU-T started pre-standardization activities with identification of FNs requirements (FG FN) : new social requirements (e.g., environment) new application areas (e.g., IoT, cloud, smart grid) new implementation technologies are found! Introduction of new network architectures; we call this Future Networks ITU is not R&D body. Direction is find by analysing existing activities (Asia, EU, USA) Produced document Future Networks: Objectives and Design Goals (Jan 2011) is first guidance. FN - Appropriate timeframe for prototyping and phased deployment is 2015 - 2020 Next phase is also task of researcher to find the best answers on requirements. http://www.itu.int/en/ITU- T/focusgroups/fn/Pages/Default.aspx http://www.itu.int/en/ITU- T/focusgroups/fn/Pages/Default.aspx Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 16

17. Future Networks (FNs): A future network is a network which is able to provide revolutionary services, capabilities, and facilities that are hard to provide using existing network technologies. A future network is either: new component network or an enhancement to an existing one; federation of new component networks or federation of new and existing component networks. ITU-T FG FN - Vision document fundamental issues that are neglected in designing todays networks as objectives, capabilities that should be supported by future networks asdesign goals, ideas and research topics of future networks that are important and may be relevant to future ITU-T standardization as promising technologies. Network for/of Individual Network for/of Society Network for/on Earth Definition - Future networks Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 17

18. FN - Four Objectives Environment awareness FNs should be environmental friendly. Service awareness FNs should provide services that are customized with the appropriate functions to meet the needs of applications and users. Data awareness FNs should have architecture that is optimized to handling enormous amount of data in a distributed environment. Social-economic awareness FNs should have social-economic incentives to reduce barriers to entry for the various participants of telecommunication sector. FUTURE NETORKS ENVIRONMENTAWARENESS SERVICE AWARENESS DATAAWARENESSSOCIAL-ECONOMICAWARENESS FUTURE NETORKS Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 18

19. FNs - 12 FNs - 12 Design Goals (Service Diversity) FNs should accommodate a wide variety of traffic and support diversified services (Functional Flexibility) FNs should have flexibility to support and sustain new services derived from future user demands (Virtualization of resources) FNs should support virtualization so that a single resource can be used concurrently by multiple virtual resources. (Data Access) FNs should support isolation and abstraction FNs should have mechanisms for retrieving data in a timely manner regardless of its location. (Energy Consumption) FNs should have device, system, and network level technologies to improve power efficiency and to satisfy customers requests with minimum traffic (Service Universalization)FNs should facilitate and accelerate provision of convergent facilities in differing areas such as towns or the countryside, developed or developing countries Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 19

20. FNs - 12 FNs - 12 Design Goals (Cont.) (Economic Incentives) FNs should be designed to provide sustainable competition environment to various participants in ecosystem of ICT by providing proper economic incentives (Network Management) FNs should be able to operate, maintain and provision efficiently the increasing number of services and entities. (Mobility) FNs should be designed and implemented to provide mobility that facilitates high levels of reliability, availability and quality of service in an environment where a huge number of nodes can dynamically move across the heterogeneous networks. (Optimization) FNs should provide sufficient performance by optimizing capacity of network equipments based on service requirement and user demand. 11(Identification) FNs should provide a new identification structure that can effectively support mobility and data access in a scalable manner. 12(Reliability and Security)FNs should support extremely high- reliability services Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 20

21. 1. Service Diversity 2. Functional Flexibility 3. Virtuallization of resourc. 4. Data Access 5. Energy Consumption 6. Service Universalization 7. Economic Incentives 8. Network Management 9. Mobility 10. Optimization 11. Identification 12. Reliability & Security 21 ENVIRONMENT AWARENESS SERVICE AWARENESS DATA AWARENESS SOCIAL- ECONOMIC AWARENESS FN : Objectives vs. Design Goals Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 21

22. Technologies - achieving the design goals Virtualization of Resources (Network Virtualization) Enables creation of logically isolated network partitions over shared physical network infrastructures so that multiple heterogeneous virtual networks can simultaneously coexist over the shared infrastructures; it allows the aggregation of multiple resources and makes the aggregated resources appear as a single resource Data/Content-oriented Networking (Data Access) Energy-saving of Networks (Energy Consumption) Forward traffic with less power Control device/system operation for traffic dynamics Satisfy customer requests with minimum traffic In-system Network Management (Network Management) Distributed Mobile Networking (Mobility) Network Optimization (Optimization) Device / System / Network level optimization (Path optimization, Network topology optimization, Accommodation point optimization) Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 22

23. Future Internet – some key differences NGN - A Next generation network (NGN) is a packet-based network which can provide services including Telecommunication Services and able to make use of multiple broadband, Quality of Service-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies. It offers unrestricted access by users to different service providers. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users. – source ITU-T 2004 http://www.itu.int/newsarchive/press_releases/2004/05.html http://www.itu.int/newsarchive/press_releases/2004/05.html FN Vs. NGN The fundamental difference between FN and NGN is the switch frompacket-based systems such as those using Internet Protocol (IP) with a separate transport and service strata to a service and management- aware packet-based network, which is based on shared virtualized processing, storage and communication resources. Future Networks (FN) Vs. Next Generation Networks(NGN) - Key differences Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 23

24. 24 Future Networks Key Features Virtualization functions Service–aware & Management-aware functions Service–aware & Management-aware functions API Networking, processing and storage resources (Infrastructure Resources) Requests API Functional Features Applications/ Services Future Networks Scope Control Enablers Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 24

25. Future Internet – some key differences Future Networks (FN) are represented by the interconnection and interoperations of several heterogeneous and dynamic networks of shared virtualised resources. FN offer unrestrictive access by users to different service providers. FN offer to service providers qualified access to a set of network embedded resource-facing services, providing scalable, self-managed inexpensive networking infrastructures on demand. FN can provide services of any complexity including ICT, Telecommunication and Universal Services. FN should support the complete lifecycle of services that can be primarily constructed by recombining existing elements in new and creative ways. Distinguishing objectives for FN are: environment - awareness, service – awareness, data - awareness and social-economic – awareness. Realisation of FN would be enabled by the following design goals: power consumption control, service diversity, service universalization, functional flexibility, data access efficiency, economic incentives, efficient management, mobility, resource identification, high reliability and security Realisation of FN are characterized by the following design goals: Shared technical resources such as processing, storage and communication resources of Future Networks are to be combined as virtual networks, across multiple domains and used in a simple and pervasive way by any services. FN encompass all levels of provisioning, operation, interoperability and interfaces for enhanced manageability, for diverse services and for optimal access and utilisation of shared resources. FN provide embedded enablers for a number of key functions, including virtualisation enablers, in-system self-management enablers, energy saving enablers, mobility enablers, network optimisation enablers, data & content-enablers, economic incentive enablers. Future Networks (FN) – Proposed Definition Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 25

26. Current Networks = Network of Interconnected uncoordinated networks – infrastructure where intelligence is located at the edges Future Networks = Unlike the original Internet infrastructure or NGN infrastructure set of standards, which merely focus on technical connectivity, routing, and naming, the scope of the Future Networks recommendations, standards, and guidelines should encompass all levels of interfaces for Manageability, Services as well as technical (networking, computation, storage) resources (Infrastructure where the intelligence is embedded - Smart Infrastructure). Substitute KISS principle with KII principle : KISS Principle : Keep it Simple, Stupid - Today optimisation is tomorrows bottleneck (Source D. Isenberg) KII Principle : Keep it Intelligent -Today fundamental is tomorrows secondary (Source A. Galis) Future Networks (FN) - Concluding Remarks Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 26

27. Conclusion To design FN, wider collaboration than traditional Telecom framework is necessary. Todays promising areas are all interdisciplinary areas, which include Telecom and other industries Clouds: computing clouds, in-network clouds, storage clouds, smart grid: power, IoT: health, vehicle, etc. Telecom has become an infrastructure of every industry, so we need to learn their needs to design future networks We cant design smart grid ready network without understanding power industrys requirements Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 27

28. Thank you for your attention Q&A 28

29. ITU FG-FN Milestones 1. 2009; ITU-T SG13; Establishment of FG-FN Question 21 (Q.21) was also established 6.2009; FG-FN #1 @Lulea, Sweden Collocated with FIREweek 11.2009; FG-FN #2 @Salt Lake, US Collocated with GENI Engineering Conference (GEC) 1.2010; FG-FN #3 @Geneva, Switzerland Collocated with NGN-GSI 3.2010; FG-FN #4 @Tokyo, Japan Collocated with Int. Symposium on ICT System Testbed 4.2010; ITU-T SG13; FG-FN lifetime was extended till 12.2010 6.2010; FG-FN #5 @Geneva, Switzerland 9.2010; FG-FN #6 @Geneva, Switzerland 10.2010; FG-FN #7 @Busan, S.Korea 11.2010; FG-FN #8 @Ljubljana, Slovenia 1.2011; ITU-T SG13; FG results review More info: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/fn/Pages/Default.aspxhttp://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/fn/Pages/Default.aspx 29

30. Key Features of NGN Release 1 30

31. Networking Trends & Possible Solutions Increase Efficiency Self-Organizing Networks Cognitive Radio Load (Femto Cells, WiFi) Green Networking & Energy Efficiency Share Resources Infrastructure Sharing Spectrum Sharing Shift towards Service-awareness Embedding Service Enablers More and More Complexity to Manage Embedding Autonomicity 31

32. Key Features of Future Networks 32

33. 33 Future Networks Key Features Virtualization functions Service–aware & Management-aware functions Service–aware & Management-aware functions API Networking, processing and storage resources (Infrastructure Resources) Requests API Functional Features Applications/ Services Future Networks Scope Control Enablers 33

34. Future networks Future Networks Future Services/ Applications Internet NGNs Clean & Cleaner –slate Approaches 2015 - 2020 34