1. Introduction to Scientific Visualization CS 4390/5390 Data Visualization Shirley Moore, Instructor October 13, 2014 1

2. SciVis aka Spatial Data Visualization SciVis emerged as a discipline in the 1980s in response to the large amount of data produced by numerical simulations of physical phenomena (e.g., fluid flow, heat convection, material deformation). Primary concern is visualization of 3D phenomena with emphasis on realistic renderings of volumes, surfaces, illuminations source, etc. Depiction of datasets that have a natural spatial embedding Relies heavily on computer graphics Reference: Data Visualization: Principles and Practice, by Alexandru Telea, 2 nd edition, CRC Press, 2014. 2

3. SciVis Pipeline 3 Image credit: Alexandru Telea, Data Visualization: Principles and Practice, 2 nd edition

4. DataSet 4

5. Simple Example: Visualization of a Scalar Function of Two Variables 5

6. Sample 1: Single-color Gridded Surface 6

7. Sample 1 Code in C++ and GLUT sample1.cpp What happens if we use fewer sample points? Viewpoint of virtual camera 7

8. Sample 2 Plot 8

9. Rendering Equation Describes relationship between incoming light, outgoing light, and material properties at a given point Approximate lighting effects to varying degrees of realism Global illumination methods – radiosity methods – ray-tracing methods Local illumination methods – Phong lighting model 9

10. Phong-Blinn Lighting Model Bui-Tuong Phong, “Illumination for Computer- Generated Images”, 1973 Jim Blinn, “Models of Light Reflections for Computer Synthesized Pictures”, 1977 10

11. Phong-Blinn Lighting Model (2) 11 Image from Wikipedia Phong lighting equation: I(p, v, L) = c amb I l (c diff max(-L. n, 0) + c spec max(r. v, 0) α )

12. Phong Lighting Model in OpenGL With flat shading: sample3.cpp With Gouraud shading: sample4.cpp 12

13. Transparency Draw domain grid: sample5.cpp Draw elevation plot with transparency factor: sample6.cpp 13

14. Texture Mapping Map 2D texture image onto 3D elevation plot Sample7.cpp 14

15. ParaView http://www.paraview.org/ Open source tool for scientific data visualization Collaborative project between Kitware, Los Alamos National Lab, Sandia National Lab, and Army Research Lab Can run in parallel to process large datasets Built on top of the Visualization Toolkit (VTK), which is a portable open source C++ library for computer graphics and visualization – http://www.vtk.org/ http://www.vtk.org/ Flat and Gouraud shading examples in ParaView: – Gaussian (flat).pvsm – Gaussian (Gouraud).pvsm 15

16. Preparation for Next Class Finish Lab 3 Study for quiz 16