1. OIE aquatic animal health, activities over the last 12 months Ricardo Enriquez S Dr med vet Secretary OIE Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission

2. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 2 Outline of this presentation Aquatic standards updates 75 th GS May 2007 Aquatic Animal Health Code Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals OIE Aquatic Animal Health Code - Disease list, Disease chapters, Zoning and compartmentalisation, Recommendations for transport, KHVD OIE Aquatic Manual – KHVD New Reference Laboratories Inclusion of amphibians and their diseases. Local National Point Challenges ahead

3. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 3 The OIEs involvement in aquatic animal health goes back many decades The Fish Diseases Commission was created in 1960 because of the increasing awareness of the importance of international trade in fish and other aquatic animals. In 1988, the scope of the Commission was extended to include diseases of molluscs and crustaceans. In 2003, the Commission was renamed as the Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission (in brief, Aquatic Animals Commission).

4. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 4 The standards are finally adopted by the OIE International Committee at the annual General Assembly of all Delegates of OIE Member Countries. The value of the OIE standards is therefore twofold: The measures published in the OIE standards are the result of consensus among the veterinary authorities of OIE Member Countries; and The OIE standards constitute a reference within the SPS Agreement as international standards for animal health and zoonoses. The aquatic standards

5. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 5 The OIE Aquatic Code Purpose: To assure the sanitary safety of international trade in aquatic animals (fish, molluscs and crustaceans) and their products. Method: Detailing of health measures to be used by the veterinary or other competent authorities of importing and exporting countries. Reference: Only to the aquatic animal health situation in the exporting country, assuming that either the disease is not present in the importing country or is the subject of a control or eradication programme. Therefore, when determining its import measures, an importing country should do so in a way that is consistent with the principle of national treatment and the other provisions of the WTO SPS Agreement.

6. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 6 The OIE Aquatic Manual Purpose: to provide a uniform approach to the diagnosis of the diseases listed in the Aquatic Code and of other diseases that may be of importance to trade, so that the requirements for health certification in connection with trade in aquatic animals and aquatic animal products can be met. Method: pathogen identification methods that are suitable for the diagnosis of isolated cases of disease as part of national aquatic animal health surveillance/control programmes, or as part of a programme to underpin claims of freedom from a specific disease.

7. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 7 Need for a new or updated standard Aquatic Animals Commissions Review Advice of experts, ad hoc groups, or other Specialist Commissions Draft text COMMITTEE DELEGATES Adoption COMMITTEE, COMMISSIONS, DELEGATES OIE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD OIE: Setting of international standards

8. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 8 DiseaseNinth edition (2006) of the Aquatic Code Tenth (2007) edition of the Aquatic Code Infectious myonecrosis (IMN) Not formally listed; footnote Listing of this disease is under study Footnote removed, i.e. listed White tail disease (WTD)Not listedListed Hepatopancreatic parvovirus disease (HPVD) Not listedNot formally listed; footnote Listing of this disease is under study Mourilyan virus disease (MoVD) Not listedNot formally listed; footnote Listing of this disease is under study Aquatic Code – Disease list The OIE International Committee (2007) adopted the following changes to the list of crustacean diseases:

9. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 9 Aquatic Code – Disease chapters - new chapter on koi herpesvirus disease - chapters for : mollusc diseases (6) crustacean diseases (6) (horizontal changes)

10. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 10 For diseases now listed (IMN and WTD), specific reporting obligations will come into force on 1 January 2008. Necrotising hepatopancreatitis (NHP) – a disease not formally listed in the 2006 version of the Aquatic Code – will retain the footnote Listing of this disease is under study, and HPVD and MoVD will now receive this label. There are no specific reporting obligations for these diseases (but general reporting obligations apply, for example, when there are findings of epidemiological significance to other countries). There were no changes to the list of fish diseases and the list of mollusc diseases Aquatic Code – Disease chapters

11. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 11 Aquatic Code – Disease chapters Article 3 (commodities) in point 1, the list of safe commodities was tidied up (i.e. if the disease agent is inactivated, the commodity is safe regardless of its intended end-use) in point 3, the recommendation to conduct a risk analysis was restricted to only those commodities that can reasonably be expected to be a vector of the disease Articles 4 (country freedom) and 5 (zone freedom) in point 4, (regaining freedom after an outbreak in a country or zone), a requirement was added that previously existing basic biosecurity conditions must have been reviewed and modified as necessary and have continuously been in place again for at least the past 2 years

12. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 12 Article 8 (importation of live aquatic animals for aquaculture from a country, zone or compartment not declared free) the article was re-worded to better convey the recommendation to hold these animals in biosecure conditions for their entire life (the previous wording was delivery into quarantine, which implies release at some stage). A reference to the ICES Code of Practice on the Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms was made in each chapter. Aquatic Code – Disease list

13. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 13 Aquatic Code – Zoning and compartmentalisation AAC will now commence formulating specific recommendations Aquatic Code – Recommendations for transport Addressed the need to consider the biosecurity risks associated with aquatic animal transport water. Norway requested a minor change to the proposed wording to reflect that the added provisions do not apply to transport of aquatic animals by sea (well boats).

14. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 14 The OIE International Committee adopted new disease chapters for KHVD – listed only last year – for the Aquatic Code and for the Aquatic Manual. There will be some amendments to the Aquatic Manual chapter on KHVD (eg. an alternative PCR method). With specific reporting obligations for this disease in force since 1 January 2007, the adoption of these two chapters was timely. Koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD)

15. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 15 - 65 OIE Member Countries had replied a questionnaire in December 2006, and of these replies, 70% supported the inclusion of amphibian diseases in the remit of the OIE. - Ad hoc Group on Amphibian Diseases, with revised terms of reference that include the development of a list of diseases and draft chapters for the Aquatic Code and the Aquatic Manual. Diseases of amphibians

16. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 16 Reference laboratories There are currently 27 OIE Reference Laboratories for aquatic animal diseases. Under the guidance of an expert whose competence is recognised internationally, they function as centres of expertise and standardisation of diagnostic techniques. As well, they may provide scientific and technical training for personnel from Member Countries, and coordinate scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories or organisations. Twin lab

17. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 17 Reference laboratories - KHVD Fisheries Research Agency, Research Promotion & Development Department, Yokohama, Japan Dr Motohiko Sano and the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Weymouth, UK Dr Keith Way

18. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 18 Local national point The OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) is an intergovernmental organisation, created in 1924, of currently 167 Member Countries (May 2006). Americas: 29 – Africa: 50 – Europe: 49 – Middle East: 13 – Asia: 26

19. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 19 Ad hoc Groups on the OIE List of Aquatic Animal Diseases on New Chapters on Fish Diseases for the Aquatic Code and Manual on New Chapters on Mollusc Diseases for the Aquatic Code an Manual on New Chapters on Crustacean Diseases for the Aquatic Code and Manual on Surveillance Chapters for the Aquatic Manual on Slaughter/Killing of Fish on Aquatic Animal Transport on Amphibian Diseases on Aquatic Animal Feed

20. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 20 Challenges ahead An increasing number of new species being developed for aquaculture Emergence of new diseases: crustaceans/fish Emergence of strain variation and of multi-agent syndromes (Brazil report) Case definitions for reporting: VHS New topics Aquatic animal welfare Antimicrobial resistance Safety of aquatic animal feeds

21. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 21 Challenges ahead Diseases of amphibians (and reptiles) further expansion of the AAC Consultant editor for the Aquatic Manual Dr. D. Aldermann Aquatic Manual en español!! Next meetings: AHG on Aquatic Animal Feed (29-31 August) AHG on Amphibians (5 -7 September) AAC (1 – 5 October) Conference in Animal Genomics (OIE web page)

22. ___________________________________________________ OIE-REGIONAL AMERICAS MEETING Vancouver, Canada, 18 -21 June 2007 22 World organisation for animal health 12 rue de prony 75017 Paris, France Tel: 33 (0)1 44 15 18 88 – Fax: 33 (0)1 42 67 09 87 Email: oie@oie.intoie@oie.int www.oie.int www.oie.int/aac/eng/en_fdc.htm