1. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 RABIES SURVEILLANCE IN POLAND BETWEEN 1992 - 2006 MARCIN SMRECZAK DEPARTMENT OF VIROLOGY NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INNSTITUTE PULAWY, POLAND

2. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 Rabies is a viral disease of the central nervous system that is almost always fatal In Poland rabies is a notifiable disease under the veterinary surveillance system Befor the Second World War only few cases of rabies in foxes and wolves were registered but these cases were not laboratory confirmed

3. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 RABIES IN POLAND 1948-2006

4. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 LOCATION OF THE REGIONAL LABORATORIES INVOLVED IN LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF RABIES IN POLAND

5. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 LABORATORY METHODS PERFORMED IN FIELD LABORATORIES FOR RABIES DIAGNOSIS Fluorescent antibody test – FAT Mouse inoculation test – MIT Rabies tissue culture inoculation test – RTCIT

6. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 In all cases in which human exposure has occurred the animal brain negative for rabies in the FAT must be confirmed by MIT

7. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 NATIONAL REFERENCE LABORATORY FOR RABIES -RT-PCR (genotyping, differentiation of isolates) -Sequencing for epidemiological analysis -Real-time PCR

8. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 NUMBER OF RABIES CASES IN POLAND 1991-2006

9. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 RESERVOIR OF RABIES VIRUS Red fox

10. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 RABIES IN ANIMALS IN POLAND 1992 - 2006 Over the last 14 years 22 575 cases of rabies have been recorded 18 555 3963 57

11. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 PER CENT RABIES CASES IN WILDLIFE IN POLAND 1992 - 2006

12. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 PER CENT RABIES CASES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS IN POLAND 1991-2006 1468 1459 955

13. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 Legenda do 1998 Most of the teritory in 2001 2001 2002 ORAL VACCINATION OF FOXES IN POLAND

14. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 NUMBER OF RABIES CASES AFTER INTRODUCTION OF ORAL VACCINATION OF FOXES

15. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 RABIES CASES IN POLAND IN 2004

16. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 RABIES CASES IN POLAND IN 2005

17. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 Fox Raccoon dog Stone marten Badger Dog Cat Cattle Bat RABIES CASES IN POLAND IN 2006

18. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 CONCLUSIONS Rabies surveillance system works in Poland Analysis of surveillance data from 1992 till 2006 confirms foxes as the main reservoir and source of rabies virus in Poland Surveillance date confirm a decrising trend in animal rabies cases Decrising trend in rabies is an effect of introduction of OV of foxes in Poland

19. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 Thank you for your attention

20. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 Thank you for your attention

21. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 NUMBER OF TESTED AND POSITIVE CASES IN YEARS 1999 - 2006

22. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 Fluorescent antibody test – FAT - impression or smears from diffrent parts of brain of investigated animals are doing on microscopic slides - drying the impresion at room temperature - fixing in pure acetone - staining with specific FITC antyconjugate - inspection (reading) under fluorescence microscope with appriopriate filter system In all case in which human exposure has occured the animal brain negative for rabies in the FAT must be confirmed in MIT

23. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 Mouse inoculation test – MIT -performed on 3-4 week-old mice -after anaesthetized with ether mice are inoculated intacerebrally with 0, 03 ml od 10% suspension Deaths occur within 48 hours after inoculation are consider as non- specific Death occur later than 48 hours after inoculation must be confirmed as rabies cases by FAT

24. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 Thank you for your attention

25. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007 Thank you for your attention

26. NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007