1. Literary Devices
And Sound Effects

2. Literary Devices used by poets
Figurative Language : symbol, simile, metaphor
Extended Metaphor
Hyperbole
Personification
Imagery

3. Figures of Speech or Figurative language: using words in a non-literal or unusual sense
For example: “I am so hungry I could eat a cow.”
- “That zit on your face is like a mountain”
Literal –by the letter – the thing is the thing.
For example: the literal meaning of “I am so hungry I could eat a cow” is you eat an entire cow. -How many burgers is that?
Which ones do you know of ?

4. Symbolism – to make one thing represent another
For example:
represents what?
Is a symbol of what?

5. Symoblism in poetry ‘The Road Not Taken’ –by Robert Frost
‘Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night’ –by Dylan Thomas
‘Me Against the World’ – Tupac Shakur

6. Simile: comparing two things using like or as
Example: Tears flowed like a river.
My love is like a red, red, rose.
‘A Simile’ by Navarre Scott Momaday   What did we say to each other that now we are as the deer who walk in single file with heads high with ears forward with eyes watchful with hooves always placed on firm ground in whose limbs there is latent flight

7. ‘A Dream Deferred’ by Langston Hughes
What happens to a dream deferred?
Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore-- And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over-- like a syrupy sweet?
Maybe it just sags like a heavy load.
Or does it explode?
-‘Still I Rise’:
= Kweli

8. Metaphor: one thing is used in an unusual way to compare it to another
Example: “ The world is a stage.”
“ When I look at you my heart is a bird in flight.”
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings –Maya Angelou
. . . ’The caged bird sings with fearful trill of the things unknown but longed for still and is tune is heard on the distant hillfor the caged bird sings of freedom’ . . .
-Top 10 in Hip-Hop
-“The People” -

9. Extended Metaphor
a metaphor that continues throughout a few lines, a page, chapter, or an entire poem or story.
Hope as a "Little Bird" "Hope is the thing with feathers That perches in the soul, And sings the tune--without the words, And never stops at all,

10. "And sweetest in the gale is heard; And sore must be the storm That could abash the little bird That kept so many warm. "I've heard it in the chillest land, And on the strangest sea; Yet, never, in extremity, It asked a crumb of me.” Emily Dickinson
Check out: Diego spitting his poem

11. Personification
– to give a thing human/person-like qualities “The fog comes on little cat feet it sits looking over the river and city on silent legs then moves on.” - C. Sandberg

12. My Life Stood – A Loaded Gun
My Life had stood - a Loaded Gun - In Corners - till a Day The Owner passed - identified - And carried Me away - And now We roam in Sovereign Woods - And now We hunt the Doe - And every time I speak for Him - The Mountains straight reply -
And do I smile, such cordial light Upon the Valley glow - It is as a Vesuvian face Had let its pleasure through -
And when at Night - Our good Day done - I guard My Master's Head Emily Dickenson
-”I Gave You Power” -Nas
-Start at: 28 seconds into it

13. Hyperbole -extreme exaggeration “This book weighs a ton.”
“I am so hungry I can eat a cow.”

14. Sound Effects used by poets
Rhyme & Rhyme Scheme
Alliteration
Onomatopoeia

15. Rhyme
Active Rhyme – identical recurring sounds in words i.e. – cat and hat
Passive Rhyme – similar recurring sounds in words
i.e. – eject and rechecked
see rhyme zone

16. Rhyming Scheme - the pattern of rhyming lines abab= abba=
the dog (a) the dog (a)
and the cat (b) and the cat (b)
the log (a) the bat (b)
and the bat. (b) and the log (a)

17. Alliteration –repetition of an initial sound in two or more words
“. . . What a tale of terror, now, their turbulency tells!” -Poe
“Swing low, sweet chariot,
Comin for to carry me home. “ -Spiritual

18. Alliteration
“. . . Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight, And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way, Do not go gentle into that good night ” Dylan Thomas
Daddy's Gone A Hunting
Bye, baby bunting, Daddy's gone a - hunting, Gone to get a rabbit skin To wrap baby bunting in Mother Goose
-Blackalicious

19. Onomatopoeia – using words for sounds
For example - Buzz, Pow, Ugh, Tick-tock, Bam!
Horray for Halloween
When cats howl “Meow”
And howls hoot “Hoo”
And witches fly up in the sky
Horray for Halloween “Boo!”

20. Created by
Joe Tedesco