1. Psychology of Teaching and Learning Missouri Baptist University Kristi Scott March 9, 2010

2. Howard Gardner “The multiple intelligences approach does not require a teacher to design a lesson in nine different ways so that all students can access the material. Rather, it involves creating rich experiences in which students with different intelligence profiles can interact with the materials and ideas using their particular combinations of strengths and weaknesses.”

3. History Born July 11, 1943 Grew up in Scranton, Pennsylvania Talented musician Married to developmental psychologist Ellen Winner and has four children

4. Mentors Influenced by Erik Erikson Jerome Bruner Jean Piaget

5. Overview In his landmark book Frames of Mind: The Theory Of Multiple Intelligences, published in 1983, Harvard University education professor Howard Gardner unveiled a theory of multiple intelligences that famously rejected the traditional and long-held view that aptitude consists solely of the ability to reason and understand complex ideas.

6. Overview Instead, he identified seven separate human capacities: musical, verbal, physical, interpersonal, visual, logical, and intrapersonal. And not all of them, including the category he added years later -- naturalistic -- could be easily evaluated by the standard measuring stick of the time: the IQ test.

7. Gardner’s Eight Multiple Intelligences INTELLIGENCEEXPLANATIONADULT OUTCOMES LinguisticThe ability to think in words and use language in complex ways Lawyer, poet, public speaker, writer Logical-mathematicalThe ability to calculate, quantify, and hypothesize and to recognize patterns Engineer, mathematician, scientist SpatialThe capacity to think three-dimensionally Architect, artist, pilot, surgeon Body-KinestheticThe ability to use the body and hands skillfully Choreographer, rock climber, skilled artisan Continued…

8. Gardner’s Eight Multiple Intelligences INTELLIGENCEEXPLANATIONADULT OUTCOMES MusicalSensitivity to rhythm, pitch, melody, and tone Acoustic engineer, composer, musician InterpersonalThe ability to understand and act productively on others’ actions and motivations Actor, political leader, sales person, teacher, therapist IntrapersonalThe ability to understand one’s own feelings and capabilities Autobiographer, sensitive individual, good decision maker NaturalistThe ingenuity to observe patterns, create classifications, and develop and understand systems Archeologist, farmer, hunter, landscape architect

9. “Big Thinkers” video (double-click on screen)

10. Multiple Intelligences Implications Linguistic Intelligence Write a sequel to a story Use cooperative learning techniques and get involved in group activities. Make a speech on a relevant topic Keep a log or journal about daily experiences Read and write poetry

11. Multiple Intelligences Implications Logical-Mathematical Create a detailed outline on a subject they are studying Compare and contrast objects –physical things or concepts—mental things Construct a logical argument for some process or idea Participate in an empirical study based on the scientific method Analyze a series of events or phenomena for underlying patterns

12. Multiple Intelligences Implications Visual-Spatial Design a building Study a picture and then list objects in the picture without reference to it Study a picture and then describe what lies just outside the scope of the picture Develop a mind-map for a given area of study Develop a highly visual presentation for a given area of study

13. Multiple Intelligences Implications Bodily-Kinesthetic Physically build something Get involved in a sport that teaches, such as Karate Act out scientific processes, such as planetary rotation Learn to play physical games that are popular in other cultures Teach someone how to use a physical device

14. Multiple Intelligences Implications Musical-Rhythmic Listen to different types of music to prepare for an activity, such as relaxing music before a test Create a tune about a given area of study Analyze how different people speak, such as inflections or pitches Listen to various sounds from nature in an attempt to discern patterns and rhymes, such as bird songs Listen to a famous piece of music and describe it’s mood

15. Multiple Intelligences Implications Interpersonal Utilize cooperative learning techniques for covering subject matter Conduct interviews to gather information on a given area of study Teach someone how to do/understand something in a given area of study Role-play a famous character to gain understanding about the character Work on an important issue to the community

16. Multiple Intelligences Implications Intrapersonal Imagine having a dialog with a famous figure, historical or otherwise Keep a diary/journal about what you learn each day and what it means to you Keep track of his/her moods and feelings when working in a given area of study Build a mind map of a given area of study Brainstorm on how his/her culture influences his/her thinking in a given area of study

17. Multiple Intelligences Implications Naturalistic Field trips Categorizing/interacting with something natural, such as bugs or rocks Observe animal behavior Manipulate outdoor equipment Design experiments

18. Awards MacArthur Prize Fellowship Grawemeyer Award in Education Guggenheim Fellowship Recipient of 20 honorary degrees from 26 colleges and universities around the world

19. Current Activities The John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education Adjunct Professor of Psychology at Harvard University Adjunct Professor of Neurology at the Boston University School of Medicine Senior Director of Harvard Project Zero Director of the GoodWork Project Newest Book — Five Minds For The Future

20. The End Any questions?