1. Example of Implementation Kumpol Luengpetngam Telecommunication Division, RTH:Bangkok E-mail : kumpol@metnet.tmd.go. th

2. Implementation of TCP/IP at RTH Bangkok The Bangkok RTH has implemented TCP/IP protocols for Tokyo RTH, Vientiane NMC and Kuala Lumpur NMC for data collection and exchange.

3. Bangkok TCP/IP Network MSS Host at Bangkok TCP/IP Port Router Cisco 2600 DSU Modem Nokia BB 512 NTU Modem CAT Frame Relay or ISDN Provider TOT PCM Mux Provider ETL PCM 30 Mux Provider DSU Modem Nokia BB 512 Router Cisco 2600 CAT Frame Relay or ISDN Provider DSU Modem Router Cisco 2650 MSS at Tokyo TCP/IP Port NTU Modem NTU Modem NTU Modem Router Cisco 1720 TCP/IP Port MSS at Vientaine MSS VIENTIANE TOT NARMPNU EXCHANGE MSS Bangkok Line Interface G 703(4W) CAT G 703(4W) Line Interface VIENTIANE SIDE TOKYO SIDEBANGKOK SIDE

4. Bangkok (AS 64769) Tokyo (AS 64520) Vientiane (AS 64771) Kuala Lumpur (AS 65154) Frame Relay Network Frame Relay Network DDN Network Status TCP/IP at RTH Bangkok 193.105.180.10 193.105.180.9 193.105.180.25 193.105.180.26 193.105.178.37 193.105.178.38

5. A pair of official IP addresses for each pure IP link are assigned by WMO. The subnet mask is 255.255.255.252 which provides 62 subnets each with 2 hosts (routers). BangkokTokyo Frame Relay Networ k an IP address for an eligible host a pair of IP addresses for a Frame Relay links. for eligible hosts. Each center declares a few official IP addresses General concepts of Addressing

6. Frame Relay Networks Router for GTS connections Cisco 2600 IOS Ver. 11.2 (3)T NAT (Network Address Translation) MSS 128.7.7.8 private address for THAI4 128.7.7.2 private address for THAI2 Tokyo AS 64520 Bangkok AS 64769 Kuala Lumpur AS 65154 Vientiane AS 64771 DDN Network Firewall Sentinet Ver2.1.3 203.155.200.97 193.105.180.9/30 193.105.180.10/30 THAI4 (MSS) THAI2 (MSS) Private IP address 193.105.178./38 193.105.180.26 193.105.178./37193.105.180.25

7. System configuration at Bangkok

8. GTS Circuit Internet LAN HUB Firewall Cisco Router Digital Alpha 4000 Server 128.7.7.x Digital Alpha 2100 Server 128.0.7.x TCP/IP Supported Connection Diagram Existing Workstation and Plotter

9. Circuit configuration and Protocols in transport ** Bangkok - Tokyo circuit configuration in physical level Circuit type : Frame relay Networks (NNI) Carriers : CAT (Thailand portion) Port speeds : 64 kbps (TMD-CAT) : 128 kbps (JMA-KDDI) Delay in network : Expecting less than a few of ten milliseconds

10. Circuit configuration and Protocols in transport ** Bangkok - Tokyo circuit configuration in logical level Connectivity: One Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) Identification of Multiplexing : Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI) DLCI Values : 20 (Thailand portion) : 20 (Japan portion)

11. Circuit configuration and Protocols in transport Bangkok - Tokyo circuit configuration in logical level (next) Logical speed guarantee : Committed Information Rate (CIR) : 16Kbps (Flow from Bangkok to Tokyo) : 16Kbps (Flow from Tokyo to Bangkok) Interface : ITU-T Q.933 Annex A (Thailand portion) : ITU-T Q.933 Annex A (Japan portion)

12. Circuit configuration and Protocols in transport ** Protocols Link protocol : Frame Relay Network protocol: IP v4 (Internet Protocol version 4) : ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) for PING Transport protocol : TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) Routing protocol: Border Gateway Protocol version 4 (BGP-4) Compression : None Traffic type: Meteorological message in TCP socket stream. File Transfer in future

13. TCP/IP Frame Relay sockets The mechanism for store-and- forward, queing and others message processing should be kept. The message structure in TCP socket stream complies with the Recommended practices and procedure for the Implementation use and Application of TCP/IP on the GTS (Attachment II-15 of manual on the GTS)

14. Routing Routing protocol –BGP-4 (Border Gateway protocol version 4) is used as dynamics routing protocol on the IP link.

15. Autonomouse System (AS) Autonomous System (AS) Private AS number assigned by WMO secretariat. The AS numbers for neighbour centres are: Bangkok RTH : AS 64769 Tokyo RTH : AS 64520 Kuala Lumpur NMC : AS 65154 Vientiane NMC : AS 64771

16. Filtering Filtering –To allow only agreed protocols (port Number). –To allow only agreed destination IP address. –To allow only agreed source address.

17. Procedure for recover of missing data Request/Repeat of missing text message - Requests for missing text messages should be sent on the text connection. T 1 T 2 (in message header) of BM should be used. - A requested message should be retransmitted with its original heading and with the lastest channel sequence number.

18. The request formats Requesting a message (SOH) (CR)(CR)(LF) nnnn (CR)(CR)(LF) BMRR01 CaCaCaCa YYGGgg (CR)(CR)(LF) CCCC (CR)(CR)(LF) SQN nnnn= (CR)(CR)(LF)(ETX)

19. The request formats Requesting a selected number of messages (SOH) (CR)(CR)(LF) nnnn (CR)(CR)(LF) BMRR01 CaCaCaCa YYGGgg (CR)(CR)(LF) CCCC (CR)(CR)(LF) SQN nnnn/nnnn/nnnn= (CR)(CR)(LF)(ETX)

20. The request formats Requesting a continuous series of messages (SOH) (CR)(CR)(LF) nnnn (CR)(CR)(LF) BMRR01 CaCaCaCa YYGGgg (CR)(CR)(LF) CCCC (CR)(CR)(LF) SQN nnnn-nnnn= (CR)(CR)(LF)(ETX)

21. Request/Repeat of missing binary messages Requesting a message (SOH) (CR)(CR)(LF) nnnn (CR)(CR)(LF) BIRR01 CaCaCaCa YYGGgg (CR)(CR)(LF) CCCC (CR)(CR)(LF) SQN nnnn= (CR)(CR)(LF)(ETX)

22. The request formats Requesting a selected number of messages (SOH) (CR)(CR)(LF) nnnn (CR)(CR)(LF) BIRR01 CaCaCaCa YYGGgg (CR)(CR)(LF) CCCC (CR)(CR)(LF) SQN nnnn/nnnn/nnnn= (CR)(CR)(LF)(ETX)

23. The request formats Requesting a continuous series of messages (SOH) (CR)(CR)(LF) nnnn (CR)(CR)(LF) BIRR01 CaCaCaCa YYGGgg (CR)(CR)(LF) CCCC (CR)(CR)(LF) SQN nnnn-nnnn= (CR)(CR)(LF)(ETX)

24. To: Tokyo (text) To: Bangkok (binary) Port : 25703 Port : 8026 BANGKOKTOKYO To: Bangkok (text) Port : 8025 To: Tokyo (binary) MSS : 202.245.39.11 (cadess1) 202.245.39.12 (cadess2) Port : 25704 MSS : 203.155.200.97 203.155.200.98 Active Open Passive Open Passive Open Active Open TCP socket connections on operation basis

25. DDN FTP connection - The only FTP connection, DDN to NMC Vientiane. - Using two transmitting methods: PUT and GET. - Output for maximum 10 messages per file or Maximum 30 seconds time-relay consecutively. PUT to Vientiane Get from Vientiane Get from Bangkok PUT to Bangkok MSS: 172.16.2.100 (AMSS) MSS: 203.155.200.97 203.155.200.98 BANGKOKVIENTIANE

26. To: KL (text) To: Bangkok (binary) Port : 30006 Port : 9025 BANGKOKKuala Lumpur To: Bangkok (text) Port : 9024 To: KL (binary) MSS : 161.142.139.230 Port : 30007 MSS : 203.155.200.97 203.155.200.98 Active Open Passive Open Passive Open Active Open TCP socket connections on operation basis

27. Trouble shooting and problem resolution Steps in resolving problems: –Check the remote centre (If the security policy of the remote centre allows it.) –Check if the link to the outside network is reachable. –Check the local network by trying to reach next gateway. –Check the local IP stack and configuration.

28. Basic tools for investigation Ping –Ping will check if the destination IP address can be reached. # PING TK1 PING TK1 (202.245.39.11): 56 DATA BYTES 64 BYTES FROM 202.245.39.11: ICMP_SEQ=0 TTL=59 TIME=177 MS 64 BYTES FROM 202.245.39.11: ICMP_SEQ=1 TTL=59 TIME=166 MS 64 BYTES FROM 202.245.39.11: ICMP_SEQ=2 TTL=59 TIME=167 MS 64 BYTES FROM 202.245.39.11: ICMP_SEQ=3 TTL=59 TIME=165 MS

29. ----TK1 PING STATISTICS---- 4 PACKETS TRANSMITTED, 4 PACKETS RECEIVED, 0% PACKET LOSS ROUND-TRIP (MS) MIN/AVG/MAX = 165/169/177 MS # PING TKR PING TKR (193.105.180.9): 56 DATA BYTES 64 BYTES FROM 193.105.180.9: ICMP_SEQ=0 TTL=253 TIME=162 MS 64 BYTES FROM 193.105.180.9: ICMP_SEQ=1 TTL=253 TIME=165 MS 64 BYTES FROM 193.105.180.9: ICMP_SEQ=2 TTL=253 TIME=167 MS ----TKR PING STATISTICS---- 3 PACKETS TRANSMITTED, 3 PACKETS RECEIVED, 0% PACKET LOSS ROUND-TRIP (MS) MIN/AVG/MAX = 162/165/167 MS # Basic tools for investigation (next)

30. Traceroute –Traceroute is used to show which routes are transited on the network between two centres. Firewall or packet filter on router may block the traffic as part of local security policy.

31. # TRACEROUTE TK1 TRACEROUTE TO TK1 (202.245.39.11), 30 HOPS MAX, 40 BYTE PACKETS 1 SENT1 (128.7.7.200) 1 MS 1 MS 1 MS 2 ROUTER1 (203.155.200.99) 1 MS 1 MS 1 MS 3 TKR (193.105.180.9) 173 MS 193 MS 172 MS 4 TKR (193.105.180.9) 163 MS * 196 MS 5 * TKR (193.105.180.9) 149 MS * 6 TKR (193.105.180.9) 155 MS * 158 MS Basic tools for investigation (next)

32. # TRACEROUTE TKR TRACEROUTE TO TKR (193.105.180.9), 30 HOPS MAX, 40 BYTE PACKETS 1 SENT1 (128.7.7.200) 1 MS 1 MS 0 MS 2 ROUTER1 (203.155.200.99) 2 MS 1 MS 1 MS 3 TKR (193.105.180.9) 156 MS * 147 MS # Basic tools for investigation (next)

33. # NETSTAT -NR ROUTING TABLES DESTINATION GATEWAY FLAGS REFS USE INTERFACE NETMASKS: INET 255.255.0.0 ROUTE TREE FOR PROTOCOL FAMILY 2: DEFAULT 128.7.7.200 UGS 6 153463 TU0 63.174.196.210 128.0.7.200 UGHS 0 0 TU1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 1 32752 LO0 128/16 128.0.7.8 U 10 707939 TU1 128.7/16 128.7.7.8 U 38 3765211 TU0 161.142.139.230 128.7.7.200 UGHS 2 21309 TU0 Basic tools for investigation (next)

34. 161.142.139.231 128.7.7.200 UGHS 2 7919 TU0 192.168.2.128 128.0.7.200 UGHS 0 9 TU1 203.144.197.3 128.0.7.200 UGHS 0 0 TU1 203.155.200.113 128.0.7.200 UGHS 0 0 TU1 206.79.34.9 128.0.7.200 UGHS 0 0 TU1 207.44.45.186 128.0.7.200 UGHS 0 143 TU1 207.44.45.187 128.0.7.200 UGHS 0 0 TU1 # Basic tools for investigation (next)