1. An outline of the GTS & the Improved MTN project for FWIS By Hiroyuki Ichijo Japan Meteorological Agency ISS/ITT-FWIS 2003 (Kuala Lumpur, 20-24 October 2003)

2. 1. Structure of the GTS (Global Telecommunication System) MTN = Core of the GTS managed by MTN centres in cooperation with WMO RMTN managed by each Regional Association National level network managed by each Member RTHs (Regional Telecommunication Hubs) NMTNs National Meteorological Telecommunication Networks NMTN RMTNs Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Networks RMTN in RA I RMTN in RA II RMTN in RA III RMTN in RA IV RMTN in RA V RMTN in RA VI MTN Main Telecommunication Network NMCs (National Meteorological Centres) Centre classification MTN Centres (RTHs on the MTN) NMC RTH

3. 2. MTN configuration MTN (Main Telecommunication Network) consists of 18 MTN Centres and 24 connections. Region VI Region II Region IV Region I Region V Region III

4. 3. Regional aspect : Region II case Current Status of RMTN in RA II (As of 10 September 2003) Regional plan: 78 circuits Implemented: 67 circuits Implementation rate : 86 % Vientiane Ulaanbaatar Baghdad Doha Kuwait Bahrain Dhaka Yangon Kathmandu Kabul Karachi Colombo Male Hanoi Phnom Penh PyongYang Ashgabad Macao 64K 14.4K Dushanbe Almaty NI Seoul NI 19.2-33.6K (V.34) 64K 19.2-33.6K V.34 2.4K 9.6K 4.8K 64K 128K 7.2K 9.6K 50 64K 100 200 1200 2.4K 64K 100 200 75 1200 75 50 100 75 9.6K Melbourne Offenbach Cairo Algiers Moscow Kuala Lumpur Tashkent Novosibirsk Khabarovsk Bangkok Frame Relay CIR Frame Relay CIR Melbourne Washington Frame Relay CIR NI 19.2-33.6K (V.34) Bishkek 64K 2.4K Singapore 9.6K 19.2-33.6K (V.34) Tehran Sanaa 200 Hong Kong Moscow NI Frame Relay CIR 64K Frame Relay CIR Tokyo Beijing Frame Relay CIR 200 New Delhi IMTN-MDCN CIR IMTN-MDCN CIR Manila IMTN-MDCN Frame Relay CIR 19.2-33.6K (V.34) via Moscow Internet 19.2-33.6K (V.34) Jeddah Internet Muscat Emirates NI Id V.34 64K Internet Washington Internet ISDN NI RTH in Region II NMC in Region II Centre in other region MTN circuit Regional circuit Interregional circuit Additional circuit Non-IP link IP link NI No implementation

5. 19 Upgrade Plans of RMTN in RA II within 2 years Vientiane Ulaanbaatar Baghdad Doha Kuwait Bahrain Dhaka Yangon Kathmandu Kabul Karachi Colombo Male Hanoi Phnom Penh PyongYang Ashgabad Macao 64K Dushanbe Almaty NI Seoul NI 64K V.34 64K 9.6K 64K 128K 64K 50 64K 100 200 1200 2.4K 75 1200 75 50 100 7.2-9.6K 75 9.6K Melbourne Offenbach Cairo Algiers Moscow Kuala Lumpur Tashkent Novosibirsk Khabarovsk Bangkok Frame Relay CIR Frame Relay CIR Melbourne Washington Frame Relay CIR NI 19.2-33.6K (V.34) Plans of RMTN in RA II for 2003-2005 Bishkek 64K Singapore 9.6K RTH in Region II NMC in Region II Centre in other region MTN circuit Regional circuit Interregional circuit Additional circuit Non-IP link IP link NI No implementation Tehran Sanaa Hong Kong Moscow NI Frame Relay CIR IMTN-MDCN CIR Tokyo Beijing Frame Relay CIR 200 New Delhi IMTN-MDCN CIR Manila IMTN-MDCN CIR (V.34) via Moscow IMTN-MDCN CIR IMTN-MDCN CIR 64K Frame Relay CIR 64K (V.34) Internet Jeddah Muscat Emirates Internet V.34 9.6K 64K V.34 Internet 64K V.34 Internet 64K Internet Washington Internet ISDN IMTN-MDCN

6. Progress of improvement in circuit speed in RA II The number of circuits Low speed circuits are still more than half. It is a problem.

7. Achievement rate: about 35% ( as of August 2003) Estimation rate: about 55% by the end of 2005 Progress in migration to TCP/IP in RA II number of circuits

8. 4. Strategies to improve the GTS Strengthen the overall GTS capabilities with cost-effectiveness and technical trends Migration to TCP/IP Use of cost-effective networks Strategies Leased circuits Legacy protocols Traditional GTS Improved GTS Internet like applications Saving implementation costs and human resources allowing latitude in selecting a network service Expanding bandwidth Flexible connectivity Saving recurrent cost

9. Layer separation concepts Message Switching Message Switching Server/client File transfer Application level Transport level Frame Relay IP-VPN Transmission protocol level Use of cost-effective networks Migration to TCP/IP Adding applications Legacy protocol TCP/IP

10. Office A Office B Network cloud Office C Network user Network supplier Establish a new connection between B and C Yes sir! We do everything in network management! Logical connectivity of managed data-communication network Expand the capacity between A and B

11. Example of the Improved GTS : East Asian triangles Beijing Tokyo Hong Kong Seoul 64kbps 9600bps 200bps Asynchronous X.25 Beijing Tokyo Hong Kong Seoul Frame Relay Network Frame Relay Network Upgrade items: 1) Migration to TCP/IP 2) Use of Frame Relay Network

12. Benefit of the Hong Kong-Tokyo upgrade Hong Kong Tokyo Before the upgrade After the upgradeBefore the upgradeAfter the upgrade HK$ 12,743HK$ 7,470212,560 yen165,020 yen Monthly running costs Cost saving ofHK$ 5,273 (about US$ 677) a month Cost saving of 47,540yen(about US$ 450 ) a month Transmission speed 200 bps 16 kbps (CIR) nearly 64 kbps (at a burst) 200 bps 16 kbps (CIR) nearly 64 kbps (at a burst) Holding transmission queues SometimesRarelyAlwaysRarely Transmission delay 50 sec. (average) 72 min. (maximum) 1 sec. (average) 20 sec. (maximum) 880 sec. (average) 130 min. (maximum) 6 sec. (average) 69 sec. (maximum) Performance Receiving condition Good but occasionally receiving garbled messages by bit- error Excellent Mostly good but sometimes receiving garbled messages by bit- error Excellent

13. 5. Status on the Improved MTN (IMTN) The IMTN project is making satisfactory progress. The planned configuration will be achieved in 2004 except for a few MTN centres in Regions I and III. Bracknell Sofia Cloud II Melbourne Buenos Aires Tokyo Beijing New Delhi Nairobi Cairo Toulouse Dakar Algiers Moscow Washington Brasilia Offenbach Jeddah Prague Frame Relay Frame Relay by BT Ignite by BT Ignite Frame Relay Frame Relay by Equant by Equant Cloud I Cloud I

14. Specific characteristics of IMTN clouds Cloud I Frame Relay Melbourne Tokyo 1.5Mbps Washington 256kbps Bracknell 256kbps Access circuit 1.5Mbps 32kbps 16kbps CIR= 768kbps 32kbps 64kbps 32kbps PVC a)Flexibility of establishing logical connections (PVC) on an access circuit b)Asymmetric bandwidths (CIR: Committed Information Rate) c)Better performance than CIR with minimum delay (Turnaround time by SLA)

15. Unbalanced traffic with Asymmetric CIRs 384kbps line (Half of CIR)

16. Traffic status on the GTS (Example of daily volume received at RTH Tokyo) Data From Washington (CIR=768kbps) From Melbourne (CIR=32kbps) From other GTS circuits WWW data and products in message type AN43Mbytes3Mbytes4Mbytes Binary84Mbytes6Mbytes2Mbytes T4 fax2Mbytes1Mbytes Large satellite dataFile1063Mbytes15Mbytes--- Total1192Mbytes25Mbytes7Mbytes Utilisation rate on the CIR basis [on practical basis] 14.4% [11%] 7.2% [3%]

17. 6. Prospect of IMTN evolution for FWIS Transition environment for pilot tests and parallel operations Option 1) coexistence of test connections with GTS operational connections on a PVC Easy way but sharing CIR bandwidth of a PVC

18. Option 2) Separation of PVCs for GTS operational and test Minimum impact to GTS operation but additional PVC cost

19. Possible evolution into IP-VPN One of VPN services is IP-VPN which is different in backbone management from Internet VPN. Providers PEs and Core Routers based on MPLS have Label Tables and switch IP packets forward according to the Tables. CE : Customer Edge RouterVPN : Virtual Private Network PE : Provider Edge RouterMPLS : Multi Protocol Label Switching Closed IP network by a provider CE PE CE PE CE IP IP Label Core Router PE IP VPN group VPN group IP-VPN with MPLS

20. IPsec VPN products add/remove the ESP for encryption and encapsulation and the AH for authentication to/from an IP packet. ESP : Encapsulation Secure Payload AH : Authentication Header Internet IPsec Product ESP AH IP VPN group IPsec Product IP ESP AH IP IP IPsec Product Internet VPN with IPsec

21. 7. Administrative aspect of the improved MTN Traditional method : bilateral contract/billing Frame Relay Network X Frame Relay Network Y NNI

22. Collaborative method : one-stop concept & multi-end billing

23. Tentative conclusions The IMTN can become a core transport network linking GISCs together. In 2006, if a GISC will have connections of 1 – 1.5Mbps with other GISCs, expected recurrent monthly cost for the GISC could be US$ 5000 x ((a number of GISCs) - 1). The IMTN can provide the environment for a test-bed and parallel operations In transition periods. The IMTN seems to be available for connections among GISCs, DCPCs and NCs as long as the administrative hurdles could be cleared.