1. Page 1© Crown copyright 2004 Cirrus Measurements during the EAQUATE Campaign C. Lee, A.J. Baran, P.N. Francis, M.D. Glew, S.M. Newman and J.P. Taylor

2. Page 2© Crown copyright 2004 Outline  Overview of frontal cirrus case on 15th Sept 2004  Aircraft remote sensing and in-situ instrumentation  Measurements and preliminary results  ARIES infrared interferometer  SWS visible and NIR spectrometer  Cloud physics probes  Summary and conclusions

3. Page 3© Crown copyright 2004 IR satellite images at approx AQUA overpass times 12001400 Frontal cirrus case on 15 th Sept 2004

4. Page 4© Crown copyright 2004 12:23:26-12:29:2513:59:26-14:05:25 AIRS (AQUA) 11  m images on 15/09/04

5. Page 5© Crown copyright 2004 FAAM BAe146-301 ARA Instrumentation 5 port turbulence probe Total water probe JW Liq water Nevzerov total/liq water probe Rosemount temp probes Air sample inlets FAGE Inlet CVI on other side Deimos or IR Camera TAFTSARIES Cloud Physics Probes MARSS SWS on other side BBRs Lidar SHIMS Upward and Forward Video Cameras BBRs SHIMS Rearward and Downward Video Cameras ADA on other side Dropsonde on other side

6. Page 6© Crown copyright 2004 Remote Sensing instrumentation on FAAM on 15/09/04 InstrumentTypeSpectral range SWS Short Wave Spectrometer0.3 - 1.7µm ARIES Airborne Research Interferometer Evaluation System 550 - 3000cm -1 MARSS Microwave Airborne Radiometer Scanning System 89 - 183GHz (upward and downward)

7. Page 7© Crown copyright 2004 In-situ instrumentation on FAAM Core ChemistryO3, CO, NOxy, SO2 Nephelometer Total scattering and hemispheric backscattering coefficient at three visible wavelengths (450, 550 and 700nm) SID1 Small Ice Detectors. Spherical Equivalent size spectrum (1 - 50µm) PCASP Aerosol Size Spectrum optical probe. Aerosol particle concentration, mean volume radius and size spectrum (0.1 - 3µm) 2DC Two Dimension Cloud particle imaging probe. Particle number concentration, condensed water content, mean volume radius, precipitation rate and size spectrum (25 - 800µm) 2DP Two Dimension Precipitation particle imaging probe. Particle number concentration, condensed water content, mean volume radius, precipitation rate and size spectrum (200 - 6400µm) AVAPS (Dropsonde) Airborne Vertical Atmospheric Profiler System (Dropsonde). Profiles of pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction Johnson WilliamsLiquid Water Content Probe Concentration of liquid water in clouds General EasternHygrometer Water Vapour (damp atmosphere) NevzorovLiquid and Total Water Content Probe. Liquid and total water in clouds TWCTotal Water Content Probe Water (H 2 O) FWVS Fluorescence Water Vapour Sensor Water Vapour (dry atmosphere)

8. Page 8© Crown copyright 2004 FAAM BAE146 flight track

9. Page 9© Crown copyright 2004 Aircraft profile

10. Page 10© Crown copyright 2004 ARIES average spectra at overpass 2

11. Page 11© Crown copyright 2004 ARIES BTs at select wavelengths during run at 2 nd overpass

12. Page 12© Crown copyright 2004 Modelled IR and ARIES data Extinction optical thickness=3.7 Re=46um

13. Page 13© Crown copyright 2004 SWS nadir example spectra for thin and thick cirrus

14. Page 14© Crown copyright 2004 SWS radiance variation through the flight

15. Page 15© Crown copyright 2004 SWS radiance measured during the 2 orbits banked at 45 deg

16. Page 16© Crown copyright 2004 Phase functions 6-branched bullet-rosette Dist=0.12 =0.87 μm Orbit 1 Orbit 2

17. Page 17© Crown copyright 2004 Phase functions Polycrystal (Macke et al. 1996) D m =100 μm for all ice crystals Orbit 1 Orbit 2 =0.87 μm First Results – Scaled Radiances at 10 o - NO multiple scattering

18. Page 18© Crown copyright 2004 Phase Functions Analytic Phase function g=0.70 (Baran et al. 2001) =0.87 μm Orbit 1Orbit 2

19. Page 19© Crown copyright 2004 Phase functions Orbit 1Orbit 2 =1.60 μm Polycrystal 50 μm 100 μm 800 μm

20. Page 20© Crown copyright 2004 Cloud Physics in-situ observations  Full analysis still needs to be performed  Graupel  No larger than 200um diameter seen in flight  50 to 200/litre

21. Page 21© Crown copyright 2004 Summary and conclusions  Remote sensing and in-situ measurements have been obtained using FAAM BAE-146, for a frontal cirrus case on 15 Sept 2004, coincident with 2 AIRS (AQUA) overpasses.  The effective particle radius is larger than 50um, of graupel (non- symmetrical) type, with a large variability in optical thickness.  The analysis of this data set is on going.  It demonstrates the importance of using coincident observations at wavelengths from visible to submm, to determine a wide range of cirrus parameters and check the physical consistency of the models.  Future flights - CASEAR campaign based in UK in Nov 2005, May 2006 and July 2007, coincident with Chilbolton radar, AQUA, Cloudsat.

22. Page 22© Crown copyright 2004 Acknowledgements  FAAM  Direct Flight  BAE  Met Office instrument operators  Walter Wolf  Dave Pollard

23. Page 23© Crown copyright 2004 Visible MSG satellite images at AQUA overpass times on 15 Sept 2004 12301400 Frontal cirrus case

24. Page 24© Crown copyright 2004 AIRS 8  m -12  m for 2 nd overpass 13:59:26-14:05:25

25. Page 25© Crown copyright 2004 Phase functions Distorted Aggregate (Yang and Liou 1998) Dist=0.13 =0.87 μm Orbit 1 Orbit 2