1. Child/Infant CPR, Choking AED Usage
Mr. Hatton
Outdoor Exploration
Lesson 2

2. Bell Ringer Name the most important part of performing adult CPR.
What is the compression to breath ratio while performing CPR to an adult?
When performing adult CPR, at what point in time do you call for help, or call 911?

3. Child CPR
Although some of the steps of CPR are similar between adult and child sequences, there are some differences in the two.
When to phone for emergency response (911)
Amount of air for breaths
Depth of compressions
Number of hands for compressions
Child CPR is for children ages 1-8 years old.

4. When to Phone for Emergency
In adult CPR, when do you call for emergency? (911)
Whenever you check for a response, and you find that there is no response.
You yourself or someone else contact emergency services.
In child CPR, do 5 sets of 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths BEFORE leaving the victim to phone 911.
Remember, adults you phone FIRST!
Child/Infants, you phone AFTER!

5. Amount of Air for Rescue Breaths
Rescue breaths are very important for children who are unresponsive.
Be sure to open the airway and give rescue breaths that make the victim’s chest rise, the same as adult CPR.
For small children, you will not need the same amount of air for breaths as you would for larger children or adults
Breaths should still make the victim’s chest rise.

6. Depth of Compressions
When performing compressions on an adult victim, what is the depth that you want to push the chest down?
1 ½ to 2 inches
The difference for child CPR is that the compression depth is only 1/3 to ½ the depth of the entire chest.
Still give full compressions, just the depth of the compressions are different from adults to children.

7. Number of Hands for Compressions
The final difference between child and adult CPR is the number of hands that are used for giving the compressions
For adults it’s 2 hands that go in-between the victims nipples.
In child CPR, you may only have to use one hand, depending on the SIZE of the child.
It is important to note that you still need to compress the correct depth for the child’s chest.
1/3 , to ½ an inch

8. Steps for Children CPR
The following are the steps to give a child ages 1-8 CPR
1. Make sure the scene is safe
2. Make sure the victim is lying on his/her back on a firm, flat surface. If the victim is lying facedown, carefully roll them onto their back.
3. Kneel at the victim’s side. Tap and shout to see if the victim responds
4. If the victim does not respond yell for help.
If someone comes, send them for help
If not, stay and start to perform the steps of CPR

9. Steps (continued) 5. Open the airway using the head tilt-chin lift.
6. Check to see if the victim is breathing (at least 5 seconds, but no more than 10 seconds)
Put your ear next to the victim’s mouth and nose
LOOK to see if chest rises
LISTEN for breaths
FEEL for breaths on your cheek
7. If the child is not breathing, give 2 rescue breaths (1 second each) Watch for chest rise and as you give each breath
8. Quickly remove the victims clothing from the front of the chest. (No clothes get in the way.)

10. Steps (continued)
9. Give 30 compressions at a rate of 100 a minute and then give 2 breaths. After each compression, release pressure on the chest to let it come back to its normal position.
10. After 5 sets of 30 compressions and 2 breaths, if someone has not done this, phone 911 and get an AED if available.
11. (If you do go contact 911) answer all the dispatchers questions, return to child and continue CPR
12. Give sets of 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths until an AED arrives, the victim starts to move, or help arrives.
We will now watch a clip from the video that shows how to perform child CPR.

11. Infant CPR Infant CPR is for victims from birth to 1 year of age.
As with child CPR, some steps are the same as adult CPR, but there are also some that are different.
How to give compressions
How to open the airway
How to give breaths
How to use a mask
How to check for response
Were first going to go over the new steps, then we will put them all in order.

12. NEW Infant Compression Steps
1. Place infant on firm, flat surface, above ground if possible (table.) Makes it easier to perform CPR on infant.
2. Remove or move clothes from the front of the chest that may get in the way of doing compressions.
3. Put 2 fingers of one hand just below the nipple line. Do not put your fingers over the very bottom of the breast bone.
4. Press the infant’s breastbone straight down 1/3 to ½ the depth of the chest. Push hard and fast.
5. Repeat at rate of 100 compressions a minute.
6. After each compression, release pressure on the chest to let it come back to normal position.

13. Just like with Children
When giving CPR, give the infant breaths that make the chest rise.
Before administering the rescue breaths, open the airway with the head tilt-chin lift.
When tilting back the infants head for the head tilt-chin lift, do not push back too far because it may block the infant’s airway.

14. Giving Infant’s Breaths
When giving infant’s rescue breaths, you will not have to give as large a breath as you would to a child or adult.
1. Hold the infant’s airway open with the head tilt-chin lift
2. take a normal breath and cover the infant’s mouth and nose with your mouth to create an airtight seal.
3. Give 2 breaths (1 second each). Watch for chest rise as you give each breath.

15. Summary of Infant CPR
Just like for adult and child, follow these steps for infant CPR
1. Make sure scene is safe.
2. Tap the infant’s foot and shout to see if infant responds
3. If the infant does not respond, yell for help
If someone comes, send that person to call 911 or get help
If no one comes, stay with infant and continue CPR
4. Place the infant on a firm, flat surface, such as a table.
5. open the airway with a head tilt-chin lift

16. Infant CPR Steps (Continued..)
6. Check to see if infant is breathing (At least 5 seconds, but no more than 10)
Put ear next to infants mouth or nose
LOOK to see if chest rises
LISTEN for breaths
FEEL for breaths on your cheek
7. If infant is not breathing, give 2 breaths (1 second each). Watch for chest rise and fall as you give breath
8. Quickly move or open clothes from the front of chest that could get in the way of doing compressions
9. 30 compressions and 2 breaths, after each compression make sure that the chest is coming back to normal position.

17. Infant CPR Steps (Continued..)
10. After 5 sets of 30 compressions and 2 breaths, if someone has not yet come, leave infant to call 911.
11. After you answer the dispatchers questions, return to infant and return to the CPR
12. Keep giving sets of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until the infant starts to move or trained help takes over.
We will now watch a clip from the video that shows how to perform infant CPR

18. Choking When food or an object gets in the airway, it could block it.
Choking could happen when eating as well.
Children can choke while playing with small toys.
There are two different kinds airway blockages that classify as choking, MILD, and SEVERE.

19. Then the Block in the Airway is…
Choking (Continued)
If The Victim…
Then the Block in the Airway is…
And you Should…
Can make sounds
Can cough loudly
Mild
Stand by and let the victim cough
Cannot breathe
Has a cough that is very quiet or has no sound
Cannot talk or make a sound
Cannot cry (infant)
Has high pitched noisy breathing
Has bluish lips or skin
Makes a choking sign
Severe
Act quickly
Follow the choking steps

20. Abdominal Thrusts
When a victim is choking and cannot talk or breathe, the victim needs abdominal thrusts. (Heimlich Maneuver)
Thrusts push air from the lungs, as if someone was coughing
Can help to remove an object from the blocked airway
Give thrusts until the object is forced out and the victim can talk, cough, and breathe.

21. Abdominal Thrust Steps
Follow these steps to help a victim who is 1 year or older.
1. If someone is choking, ask them “Are you choking?” If they nod, tell them you are going to assist. (If no, don’t help)
2. Kneel or stand firmly behind victim and wrap your arms around so your hands are in front.
3. Make a fist with one hand.
4. Put the thumb side of fist slightly above belly button.
5. Grasp the fist with other hand and give quick upward thrusts into victim’s abdomen.
6. Give thrusts until object is removed, or victim stops responding. (Pregnant Women, Chest Thrusts)

22. Choking (Continued..)
If you cannot remove object, victim will become unresponsive
1. Yell for help, if someone comes, send person to call 911 or find an AED if available.
2. Lower victim to ground, face up
If victim is adult, call 911 then start to perform CPR
If victim is a child, start CPR
3. Every time you give rescue breaths, open victims mouth wide so you can look for the object blocking the airway. If you see object, remove with your fingers. If not, continue CPR until help, or AED arrives.
4. If victim is child, go 5 rounds of breaths and compressions before calling 911 or seeking help.

23. Choking for Infants
When an infant is choking and suddenly cannot breathe or make any sounds, you must act quickly.
1. Hold infant face down on forearm, support infants head and jaw with your hand. Sit or kneel and rest arm on lap or thigh.
2. Give up to 5 back slaps with heel of free hand between infants shoulder blades
3. If object doesn’t come out after 5 back slaps, turn infant over onto his back, remove clothes blocking chest quickly
4. Give up to 5 chest thrusts using 2 fingers of free hand to push on breastbone in the same place you push for compressions.
Support head and neck
Hold infant with one hand and arm, resting your arm on your lap or thigh

24. Choking for Infants (Continued..)
5. Alternate between 5 back slaps and 5 chest thrusts until object comes out or infant cannot breathe, cough, or becomes unresponsive.

25. Using AED’s
Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a machine with a computer inside.
AED’s are accurate and easy to use, after very little training, most people can operate an AED.
Giving proper CPR and the use of an AED within minutes will increase the chances of saving the life of someone with sudden cardiac arrest.

26. AED’s (Continued..) An AED can
Recognize cardiac arrest that requires a shock
Tell the rescuer when a shock is needed
Give a shock if needed
An AED may give an electric shock to the heart, this can return a heart to normal beating or rhythm.
There are many different types of AED’s, but all of them have the same simple steps of operation

27. AED Usage
AED’s are used on victims that are non responsive and not breathing.
For victims 8 years of age or older, start CPR first then use an AED as soon as possible.
For victims 1 to 8 years of age, perform 5 sets of 30 compressions and breaths first before the use of an AED
Some AED’s can deliver a smaller shock for children, if this is possible, then use the child pads with a child shock setting.
If not, you can use the adult pads with an adult shock on a child, do not use child settings on an adult

28. Steps for Operation Use these same simple steps to operate all AED’s
1. Turn on the AED, push the button or open the lid, follow the visual or audio prompts from the AED.
2. Attach the pads to the victim (AED diagram will tell you where.)
3. Allow the AED to check the victim’s heart rhythm. Make sure no one touches the victim.
4. Push the SHOCK button if the AED tells you. Make sure no one touches the victim. If a shock is delivered, start the steps of CPR right after shock delivery.

29. AED Sound Effect
This video is just a quick demonstration of what an AED could sound like.

30. Heart Saver DVD
We will now work with the child and infant mannequins to get some practice time in with them both
DVD goes along with the lesson from today, so you can accurately see what to do with the mannequins in different situations.
Learn about the different ways to perform CPR on children/ infants, and how to deal with choking victims and using AED’s.

31. Closure
Why is it important to understand how to perform CPR on adults? Children? Infants?
Can anyone tell me the difference between adult CPR and child/infant CPR?
What should you do if an infant is choking?
How should you help a pregnant lady who is choking?