1. Parallel Workshop Session: Workshop 1.3 Core-Periphery Challenges ESPON Internal Seminar 2012 Territorial Development Opportunities in Europe and its Neighbourhood Fostering Global Competitiveness

2. Introduction Presentation of Project Results I Main territorial trends or observations in relation to territorial imbalances, regional disparities, polycentric development, resources efficiency Influence of developments in Europe´s neighborhood on the territorial development in Europe and vice-versa Opportunities and challenges for Europe and its neighbourhood for increasing competitiveness through further cooperation and integration Coffee/Tea Break Presentation of Project Results II Policy Statement Plenary Discussion Concluding Statement Structure of Workshop Session 2

3. At the end of the 1960s, the world was characterised by a clear distinction between a small number of countries with high technology (USA, Northwest Europe, Japan) and a countries characterized by export of primary products. By the beginning of the 21st century, there was a growing difference between the group of countries that export energy or mineral resources and the industrialised countries. In Europe the EU has integrated new Member States into its economy: it has become stronger itself instead of seeing neighbours developing into new global players. At the same time, there are growing international players in the neighbourhood of the EU, notably Russia, Turkey, Tunisia, and Morocco. Stimulus map Countries´s profiles for trade exports, 1967-2006 3

4. Workshop 1.3 – key questions for ESPON projects 4 1.What are the main territorial trends or observations from the project - for Europe, its regions and cities - in relation to territorial imbalances, regional disparities, polycentric development, resources efficiency? 2.How do developments in Europe´s neighborhood influence the territorial development in Europe and vice-versa? 3. What opportunities and challenges exists for Europe and its neighbourhood for increasing competitiveness through further cooperation and integration?

5. 5 1.What are the main territorial trends or observations from the project - for Europe, its regions and cities - in relation to territorial imbalances, regional disparities, polycentric development, resources efficiency?

6. Parallel Workshop Session: Workshop 1.3 Core-Periphery Challenges GEOSPECS Experiences Geographic Specificities and Development Potentials in Europe ESPON Internal Seminar 2012 Territorial Development Opportunities in Europe and its Neighbourhood Fostering Global Competitiveness

7. GEOSPECS categories 7 Development opportunities and challenges in specific types of territories: Mountain areas, Islands, Sparsely populated areas, Outermost regions, Border regions, Coastal areas, Inner peripheries. GEOSPECS categories

8. 8

9. 9

10. 10

11. 11

12. 12

13. Nexus models - mountains 13

14. Nexus models – coastal zones 14

15. Core and periphery? 15

16. Core and periphery? 16

17. Core and periphery? 17

18. The Alps are less urbanised and partly less accessible but are they a periphery? Core and periphery 18

19. Core and periphery 19 The Alps are a centre for tourism

20. Inner peripheries 20

21. Canot be delineated a priori Complex and unique patterns of peripherality Inner peripheries 21

22. Birth mortality: Stronger gradients along external borders Neighbourhood: borders of Europe 22

23. Employment rates: More complex picture Neighbourhood: borders of Europe 23

24. Neighbourhood of Outermost regions 24

25. 66% of exports go to the European Union Limited trade relations with neighbouring countries Neighbourhood of Outermost regions 25

26. GDP is over 5 times higher than in the most developed neighbouring countries Neighbourhood of Outermost regions 26

27. Parallel Workshop Session: Workshop 1.3 Core-Periphery Challenges GREECO Experiences Regional Potential for a Greener Economy ESPON Internal Seminar 2012 Territorial Development Opportunities in Europe and its Neighbourhood Fostering Global Competitiveness

28. 28 Main territorial trends in relation to territorial imbalances, regional disparities, polycentric development, and resources efficiency? 1.The challenge of ressource accessibility 2.The challenge of path-dependency 3.The challenge of Catching up 4.The challenge of moving in the right direction GREECO

29. 29 Main territorial trends in relation to territorial imbalances, regional disparities, polycentric development, and resources efficiency? 1.The challenge of ressource accessibility 2.The challenge of path-dependency 3.The challenge of Catching up 4.The challenge of moving in the right direction GREECO

30. 30 Main territorial trends in relation to territorial imbalances, regional disparities, polycentric development, and resources efficiency? 1.The challenge of ressource accessibility 2.The challenge of path-dependency 3.The challenge of Catching up 4.The challenge of moving in the right direction GREECO

31. 31 Main territorial trends in relation to territorial imbalances, regional disparities, polycentric development, and resources efficiency? 1.The challenge of ressource accessibility 2.The challenge of path-dependency 3.The challenge of Catching up 4.The challenge of moving in the right direction GREECO Delinking energy consumption from employment growth in Europe.

32. 32 Main territorial trends in relation to territorial imbalances, regional disparities, polycentric development, and resources efficiency? 1.The challenge of ressource accessibility 2.The challenge of path-dependency 3.The challenge of Catching up 4.The challenge of moving in the right direction GREECO Delinking energy consumption from employment growth in Europe.

33. Parallel Workshop Session: Workshop 1.3 Core-Periphery Challenges SIESTA Experiences Spatial Indicators for a Europe 2020 Strategy Territorial Analysis ESPON Internal Seminar 2012 Territorial Development Opportunities in Europe and its Neighbourhood Fostering Global Competitiveness

34. Parallel Workshop Session: Workshop 1.3 Core-Periphery Challenges BSR-TeMo Experiences ESPON Internal Seminar 2012 Territorial Development Opportunities in Europe and its Neighbourhood Fostering Global Competitiveness

35. 1.What are the main territorial trends or observations from your project - for Europe, its regions and cities - in relation to territorial imbalances, regional disparities, polycentric development, resources efficiency? Since we dont have any results yet I include the geographical coverage and suggestion of indicators – to show what trends we intend to measure (and where). For the Baltic See Region, we know that the 3 divides (North-South, East-West, Urban-rural) are quite important and we hope to assess to what extent these impact on the development of the macro region. We will also asses the disparities within the BSR and asses trends in territorial development/cohesion. We will also focus on disparities across boarders to Russia and Belarus and look at differences within the group of boarder regions. BSR-TeMo 35

36. BSR-TeMo - Coverage and scale Country NUTS2NUTS3 BelarusOblasts7Rayons (sNUTS4)118 (130) DenmarkRegioner5Landsdeler11 EstoniaCountry1Groups of Maakond5 FinlandStoromraden5Landskap20 GermanyRegierungsbezirke8Kreise / kreisfreie Städte 66 LatviaCountry1Regioni6 LithuaniaCountry1Apskritys10 NorwayRegions7Fylker19 PolandWojewództwa16Podregiony66 RussiaOblasts7Rayons (sNUTS4)123 SwedenRiksomraden8Län21

38. 38 2.How do developments in Europe´s neighborhood influence the territorial development in Europe and vice-versa?

39. GREECO 39 2. The influence of Europe´s neighborhood on the territorial development in Europe 1.Conflict of interests 2.Demographic challenges

40. 2. How do developments in Europe´s neighbourhood influence the territorial development in Europe and vice-versa? Obviously economic development, social situation, infrastructure, environmental development, for Russia and Belarus, will impact not only neighboring regions but the entire Europe. However, the immediate impacts are of higher importance for the BSR since the position (geographically as well as traditionally) as gateway region to Russia is a huge potential. This includes access to markets (imports as well as exports), transboundary environmental problems and crime, better boarder infrastructure for business and tourism. Migrations is also important (in-migration into Europe, and where migration flows go to). Also the question of new transport infrastructures or new communication and cooperation channels need to be established (for instance, towards St. Petersburg). BSR-TeMo 40

41. 41 3. What opportunities and challenges exists for Europe and its neighbourhood for increasing competitiveness through further cooperation and integration?

42. GREECO 42 3. Opportunities and challenges for Europe and its neighbourhood for increasing competitiveness through further cooperation and integration 1.Integrating different components of Green Growth 2.Interacting across borders 3.Specializing

43. 3. What opportunities and challenges exists for Europe and its neighbourhood for increasing competitiveness through further cooperation and integration? The existence of the BSR macro region is in itself an opportunity for development based on further integration (e.g. labour markets) and coordination in this region. Challenges include reducing red rape in simplifying business across the EU/Russian/Belarusian territories and boarder crossings. There are already some cooperation going on to simplify the interaction across boarder regions in particular the Baltic countries and Finland. VASAB is an opportunity in itself in that it is a platform for cooperation with Russia and Belarus, it is cooperation at ministerial level which adds weight to the network. Also the fact that they can agree on a common strategy for the BSR shows that it is a grounding basis for future work. Our project adds to understanding the integration in the region as we intend to monitor the entire BSR including these countries as well. BSR-TeMo 43

44. Stimulus map Countries´s profiles for trade exports, 1967-2006 44