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Published byClaude Stanley Modified over 9 years ago
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Nuclear Decay (Radioactivity)
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Subatomic particles Electron -negatively charged particle found outside the nucleus. Proton – positively charged subatomic particle found inside the nucleus. Neutron – Neutrally charged (no charge) subatomic particle found inside the nucleus.
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Some Surprises A neutron is a proton with a captured electron. A neutron can become a proton by losing that electron. That electron, when it comes flying out of the nucleus, will be called a beta particle. It’s symbol is the Greek letter β.
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Beta radiation What would happen to the nuclear make-up as a result of beta radiation? Consider: carbon – 14. + -+ + + + + + = neutron + = proton
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Beta radiation What would happen to the nuclear make-up as a result of beta radiation? Consider: carbon – 14. + -+ + + + + + + = neutron + = proton -
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Beta radiation How many protons does it have now? What is its mass number? + -+ + + + + + + = neutron + = proton
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Alpha Radiation An alpha ( α ) particle is the same as a helium nucleus and is therefore symbolized by: He 4242
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-+ = neutron + -+ + + + + + + = proton + -+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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Alpha Decay When an alpha particle is emitted from a nucleus, what is left? Consider Uranium – 238. 238 92 U X + He 4242 Th 234 90
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Which kind of decay is represented by each change? I – 130 → Xe – 130 Am-241 → Np-237
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Three Kinds of Decay Alpha – a helium nucleus, cannot penetrate paper. Beta - an electron which is emitted from the nucleus. Can penetrate paper, but cannot penetrate aluminum foil. Gamma ray – not a particle. 50% emitted will penetrate 1cm of lead.
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