1. A Creative Chemistry PowerPoint Presentation By Nigel Saunders Copyright © 2003 Nigel Saunders, all rights reserved Permission is granted for personal and educational use only. Commercial copying, hiring, lending is prohibited. Ionisation energies and group numbers

2. Successive ionisation energies for potassium Potassium is in group 1 Notice the “jump” in energy needed to remove the 2 nd electron

3. Ionisation energies and group numbers Successive ionisation energies for potassium The different “jumps” are evidence for the arrangement of electrons in energy levels and sub-levels level 1 level 2 level 3 level 4

4. Which group is this element in? Group 4 Notice the “jump” in energy needed to remove the 5 th electron Ionisation energies and group numbers

5. Which group is this element in? Group 2 Notice the “jump” in energy needed to remove the 3 rd electron Ionisation energies and group numbers

6. Which group is this element in? Group 3 Notice the “jump” in energy needed to remove the 4 th electron Ionisation energies and group numbers

7. Which group is this element in? Group 5 Notice the “jump” in energy needed to remove the 6 th electron Ionisation energies and group numbers

8. Which group is this element in? Group 1 Notice the “jump” in energy needed to remove the 2 nd electron Ionisation energies and group numbers