1. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 1 X-ray Pump-Probe (WBS 1.2) David Fritz System Specifications System Description Instrument Layout X-ray Optics &Diagnostics Sample Environments Detectors Laser System Costs and Schedule Summary System Specifications System Description Instrument Layout X-ray Optics &Diagnostics Sample Environments Detectors Laser System Costs and Schedule Summary

2. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 2 Science Team Specifications and instrument concept developed with the science team. The XPP team leaders Kelly Gaffney, Photon Science, SLAC (leader) Jorgen Larsson, Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden David Reis, University of Michigan Thomas Tschentscher, DESY, Germany Specifications and instrument concept developed with the science team. The XPP team leaders Kelly Gaffney, Photon Science, SLAC (leader) Jorgen Larsson, Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden David Reis, University of Michigan Thomas Tschentscher, DESY, Germany

3. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 3 X-ray Pump-Probe Science Phase Transitions Order / Disorder Metal/Insulator Phonon Dynamics Charge Transfer Reactions Photosynthesis Photovoltaics Vision Photoactive Proteins Phase Transitions Order / Disorder Metal/Insulator Phonon Dynamics Charge Transfer Reactions Photosynthesis Photovoltaics Vision Photoactive Proteins photo- excitation Stampfli and Bennemann Phys. Rev. B 49, 7299 (1994) photo- excitation

4. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 4 Accelerating Elements Experimental Pump Laser Electron Gun Master Clock RF Distribution Network Laser/FEL Timing Sources of Short Term Jitter E-beam phase to RF phase jitter Electron beam energy jitter + dispersive electron optics End station laser phase to RF Phase ~ 1 ps limit Sources of Short Term Jitter E-beam phase to RF phase jitter Electron beam energy jitter + dispersive electron optics End station laser phase to RF Phase ~ 1 ps limit

5. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 5 Traditional Pump-probe Delay will be achieved by optical delay and/or RF phase shift Resolution limited by LCLS/laser jitter ~ 1 ps limit Delay will be achieved by optical delay and/or RF phase shift Resolution limited by LCLS/laser jitter ~ 1 ps limit

6. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 6 Single Shot Pump-Probe time (fs) diffracted intensity Limited to X-ray diffraction Need ‘large’ effects Imaging resolution affects temporal resolution Limited to X-ray diffraction Need ‘large’ effects Imaging resolution affects temporal resolution

7. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 7 Non-sequential Sampling 100 consecutive shots Single shot, Lorentzian fit Diagnostic required to measure LCLS/laser timing EOS demonstrated at SPPS Diagnostic required to measure LCLS/laser timing EOS demonstrated at SPPS

8. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 8 Non-sequential Sampling

9. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 9 XPP SCOPE - WBS 1.2 Scope/CD-1 Estimate Includes: Physics support & engineering integration X-ray optics – monochromator, focusing optics, slit systems, attenuators Ultrafast laser system Detectors - 2D detector from BNL by MOU, Emission Spectrometer Sample environments - diffractometer system, thermal environments, vacuum environment Laboratory facilities Vacuum system Installation Diagnostics (WBS 1.5) Controls and data system (WBS 1.6)

10. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 10 System Specifications Secondary Slits Wide Angle Stage Small Angle Stage Photon Shutter Primary Slits Diagnostics Focusing Lenses Attenuators Photon Shutter Diagnostics Diffractometer Monochromator NEH Hutch 3 Diagnostics Photon Shutter Diagnostics Laser Port FEE ItemPurposeSpecification Large Offset Monochromator Multiplex FEL radiation, Narrow FEL spectrum 600 mm offset, ≤ 10-4 spectral bandwidth Slits/Apertures Beam definition, Beam halo cleaning 0.25 mm accuracy, 1 mm repeatability Attenuators Control incident x-ray flux Variable, up to 10 6 reduction Diagnostics Intensity Monitor, Position Monitor 0.1% relative intensity measurement, < 5% incident x-ray attenuation Be Focusing Lenses Increase incident x-ray flux 2-10 mm, 40-60 mm spot size at 1.5 Å, 2-10 mm spot size at 0.5 Å Laser SystemPhotoexcitation of samples Ultrafast pulse duration (<50 fs), Up to 20 mJ pulse energy at 800 nm, 120 Hz repetition rate X-ray Diffractometer Sample orientation Kappa diffractometer, Platform diffractometer Wide Angle Detector Stage Move the detector in reciprocal space Spherical detector motion at a 10-150 cm radius Small Angle Detector Stage Collect SAXS patterns 2.5, 5, and 10 m Sample-to-detector distance, 0.5 m horizontal detector motion 2D Detector from BNL by MOU Provide 2D pixelated detection capability 1024 x1024 pixels, 120 Hz frame/s, dynamic range >10 3, single-photon sensitivity, pixel size 90x90 mm 2

11. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 11 XPP Instrument Location XCS AMO (LCLS) CXI XPP Endstation

12. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 12 Offset Monochromator Laser System (Fundamental) X-ray Diffractometer Wavelength Conversion Small Angle Scattering

13. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 13 XPP System Description 1.2.1 Physics support and engineering integration 1.2.2 X-ray optics 1.2.3 Laser system 1.2.4 Detector 1.2.5 Sample environments 1.2.6 Laboratory facilities 1.2.7 Vacuum system 1.2.8 Installation 1.2.1 Physics support and engineering integration 1.2.2 X-ray optics 1.2.3 Laser system 1.2.4 Detector 1.2.5 Sample environments 1.2.6 Laboratory facilities 1.2.7 Vacuum system 1.2.8 Installation

14. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 14 1.2.2 X-ray Optics 1.2.2.1 Double crystal offset monochromator Narrows x-ray spectrum for resonant scattering experiments Multiplexes LCLS beam (mono. beam, diagnostic beam) 1.2.2.1 Double crystal offset monochromator Narrows x-ray spectrum for resonant scattering experiments Multiplexes LCLS beam (mono. beam, diagnostic beam) ParameterValue Energy Range6 – 24 keV Horizontal Offset600 mm Scattering Angle9 0 - 50 0  Accuracy 0.02 arcsec χ Accuracy4 arcsec Scattering Angles (2 theta) 1.5 Å0.5 Å Silicon 11127.6°9.1° Silicon 22045.8°14.9° Diamond 11142.5°13.9° Diamond 220 -22.8°

15. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 15 1.2.2 X-ray Optics 1.2.2.2 Beryllium lens focusing optic Variable spot size from 2-10 µm and 40-60 µm @ 8.3 keV Variable spot size from 2-10 µm @ 24.9 keV > 40% throughput Positioning resolution and repeatability to 1 µm 1.2.2.2 Beryllium lens focusing optic Variable spot size from 2-10 µm and 40-60 µm @ 8.3 keV Variable spot size from 2-10 µm @ 24.9 keV > 40% throughput Positioning resolution and repeatability to 1 µm Lens Mono 190 m 4 m

16. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 16 1.2.2 X-ray Optics 1.2.2.3 Slit systems Variable horizontal and vertical gap from 5 μm – 5 mm Can withstand full LCLS flux – unfocused Minimize background scatter from blades 1.2.2.3 Slit systems Variable horizontal and vertical gap from 5 μm – 5 mm Can withstand full LCLS flux – unfocused Minimize background scatter from blades B. Lengeler et al., J. Synchrotron Rad., 6, 1153-1167 (1999).

17. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 17 1.2.2 X-ray Optics 1.2.2.4 Attenuators Variable, up to 10 6 reduction High damage threshold (Be or B 4 C) 1.2.2.4 Attenuators Variable, up to 10 6 reduction High damage threshold (Be or B 4 C)

18. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 18 1.2.2 Level 4 Direct Costs Dollars x 1k WeeksDirect Dollars PEDASSYPEDM & SASSY 1.2.2 X-ray Optics124.578299667235 1.2.2.1 Mono10056243494169 1.2.2.2 Be Lens7.57182721 1.2.2.3 Slits5.541211012 1.2.2.4 Atten.5.57.5123623 1.2.2.5 Coll.63.513111

19. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 19 1.2.3 Laser System

20. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 20 1.2.3 Laser System Ti:Sapphire Oscillator & Power Amplifiers Compressor, OPA, Harmonic Generation, Delay Stage

21. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 21 1.2.3 Laser System 1.2.3.1 Ti:Sapphire Oscillator 119 MHz rep. rate, <30 fs ~ 2.5 nJ/pulse Frequency stabilized to LCLS RF < 300 fs rms phase jitter Demonstrated at SPPS 1.2.3.1 Ti:Sapphire Oscillator 119 MHz rep. rate, <30 fs ~ 2.5 nJ/pulse Frequency stabilized to LCLS RF < 300 fs rms phase jitter Demonstrated at SPPS Cavity Length Stabilization Mirror

22. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 22 1.2.3 Laser System 1.2.3.2 Power Amplifiers Regenerative amplifier ~ 2.5 mJ (< 1% rms stability), 120 Hz, < 50 fs Multipass amplifier ~ 20 mJ (< 1.5% rms stability), 120 Hz, < 50 fs Second Compressor External Pockels Cell Arbitrary laser pulse train structure 1.2.3.2 Power Amplifiers Regenerative amplifier ~ 2.5 mJ (< 1% rms stability), 120 Hz, < 50 fs Multipass amplifier ~ 20 mJ (< 1.5% rms stability), 120 Hz, < 50 fs Second Compressor External Pockels Cell Arbitrary laser pulse train structure

23. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 23 1.2.3 Laser System 1.2.3.3 Temporal Pulse Shaper Create complex excitation pulse envelopes Multi-pulses Compression optimization 1.2.3.3 Temporal Pulse Shaper Create complex excitation pulse envelopes Multi-pulses Compression optimization

24. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 24 1.2.3 Laser System 1.2.3.6 Laser Diagnostics Temporal and spectral characterization Grenouille – Real time pulse duration, spectrum 3 rd Order Correlator – Contrast ratio Energy characterization Per pulse Joule meter, 120 Hz, 1% accuracy Spatial characterization Profile monitor at a “virtual” sample, 5 μ m resolution 1.2.3.6 Laser Diagnostics Temporal and spectral characterization Grenouille – Real time pulse duration, spectrum 3 rd Order Correlator – Contrast ratio Energy characterization Per pulse Joule meter, 120 Hz, 1% accuracy Spatial characterization Profile monitor at a “virtual” sample, 5 μ m resolution

25. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 25 1.2.3 Level 4 Direct Costs Dollars x 1k WeeksDirect Dollars PEDASSYPEDM & SASSY 1.2.3Laser System60241281,55761 1.2.3.1Oscillator12176 1.2.3.2Amplifiers12595 1.2.3.3Pulse Shaper1254 1.2.3.4 Optics & Optomechanics 1342822712 1.2.3.5Vacuum Transport136302417 1.2.3.6Diagnostics23205 1.2.3.7Hutch Optical Tables61364 1.2.3.8Timing System68132515 1.2.3.9Optical Experiements1221 1.2.3.10Containment116243517 1.2.3.11OPA12100 1.2.3.12Lab Optical Tables4831

26. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 26 1.2.4 Detectors 1.2.4.1 2D detector (BNL) 1024 x 1024 pixels 90 micron pixel size High Detector Quantum Efficiency (DQE) 10 4 dynamic range at 8 keV 120 Hz Readout Rate 1.2.4.1 2D detector (BNL) 1024 x 1024 pixels 90 micron pixel size High Detector Quantum Efficiency (DQE) 10 4 dynamic range at 8 keV 120 Hz Readout Rate

27. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 27 1.2.4 Detectors 1.2.4.2 Dispersive X-ray Emission Spectrometer 50-100 eV dynamic range ~ 1 eV energy resolution Single Shot Capability 1.2.4.2 Dispersive X-ray Emission Spectrometer 50-100 eV dynamic range ~ 1 eV energy resolution Single Shot Capability U. Bergmann and R. Frahm, TDR XFEL workshop series “Methods and Instrumentation for the XFEL”, 52, (2001).

28. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 28 1.2.4 Level 4 Direct Costs Dollars x 1k WeeksDirect Dollars PEDASSYPEDM & SASSY 1.2.4 Detectors6241562,06612 1.2.4.1 2D Detector (BNL) 33861,302 1.2.4.2 Emission Spectrometer 2947076412

29. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 29 1.2.5 Sample Environments 1.2.5.1 X-ray Diffractometer Operate in both direct and monochromatic beam Sample orientation & translation Accommodate various sample environments 1.2.5.1 X-ray Diffractometer Operate in both direct and monochromatic beam Sample orientation & translation Accommodate various sample environments

30. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 30 1.2.5 Sample Environments 1.2.5.1 X-ray Diffractometer Operate in both direct and monochromatic beam Detector motion about a spherical surface centered at sample (variable radius from 0.1 m to 1.5 m) 1.2.5.1 X-ray Diffractometer Operate in both direct and monochromatic beam Detector motion about a spherical surface centered at sample (variable radius from 0.1 m to 1.5 m)

31. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 31 1.2.5 Sample Environments 1.2.5.1 X-ray Diffractometer SAXS - 10 µrad angular resolution with XAMPS detector Detector translation Operate in both direct and monochromatic beam 1.2.5.1 X-ray Diffractometer SAXS - 10 µrad angular resolution with XAMPS detector Detector translation Operate in both direct and monochromatic beam

32. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 32 1.2.5 Sample Environments 1.2.5.2 Cold Finger Cryostat System 10 – 350 K Temperature Range 0.1 K Temperature Stability >7 W cooling capacity at 20 K Vacuum shroud Optical and x-ray windows (collinear & non-collinear geometry) Decoupled sample motion 1.2.5.2 Cold Finger Cryostat System 10 – 350 K Temperature Range 0.1 K Temperature Stability >7 W cooling capacity at 20 K Vacuum shroud Optical and x-ray windows (collinear & non-collinear geometry) Decoupled sample motion Det. Array Collinear Geometry Det. Array Non-collinear Geometry

33. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 33 1.2.5 Sample Environments 1.2.5.2 Cryostream System 20-300 K Temperature Range < 1 K Temperature Stability 1.2.5.2 Cryostream System 20-300 K Temperature Range < 1 K Temperature Stability

34. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 34 1.2.5 Level 4 Direct Costs Dollars x 1k WeeksDirect Dollars PEDASSYPEDM & SASSY 1.2.5 Sample Env.1152126790061 1.2.5.1 Diffractometer40119664432 1.2.5.2 Cryostats2947121712 1.2.5.3 Liquid Jet234501512 1.2.5.4 Vac.Chamber23250256

35. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 35 1.2.6, 1.2.7 & 1.2.8 1.2.6 Laboratory facilities 1.2.7 Vacuum system Hardware-flanges, pumps, bellows,… Vacuum supports 1.2.8 Installation 1.2.6 Laboratory facilities 1.2.7 Vacuum system Hardware-flanges, pumps, bellows,… Vacuum supports 1.2.8 Installation

36. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 36 X-ray Diagnostics Transmissive Intensity Monitor > 95 % Transmission Relative accuracy < 0.1% Flourescent Screeens Diodes Transmissive Intensity Monitor > 95 % Transmission Relative accuracy < 0.1% Flourescent Screeens Diodes

37. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 37 Laser/FEL Timing Electro-optic Sampling Laser Pump-probe Laser LTUNEH Gun Laser Sector 20 Stabilized Fiber Optic RF Distribution (10 fs) LBNL Electro-optic Sampling Enhanced Temporal Resolution (~ 100 fs) Limited by our ability to phase lock the lasers to the RF backbone Limited by Intra-bunch SASE jitter Electro-optic Sampling Enhanced Temporal Resolution (~ 100 fs) Limited by our ability to phase lock the lasers to the RF backbone Limited by Intra-bunch SASE jitter

38. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 38 Laser/FEL Timing Diagnostic Beam for Direct Timing Measurement Permits destructive x-ray timing measurement in hutch Same exctitation laser can be used Diagnostic Beam for Direct Timing Measurement Permits destructive x-ray timing measurement in hutch Same exctitation laser can be used 600mm Transmitted Beam 85% 8keV Diagnostic Beam 1.3% Mono. Beam 2.5%

39. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 39 Key Technological Choices 1.Diamond vs. Silicon Monochromator Crystal - Absorption, Damage vs. Quality 2.Flexure vs. Piezo Monochromator Rotation Stage - Stability vs. Range 3.Robot Arm vs. Rotary Stage Detector Mover - Reciprocal Space Access vs. Control, Safety 4.Hexapod vs. Stages Sample Manipulator - Range of Motion vs. Stability, Control 5.Ti:Sapphire Oscillator vs. Fiber Oscillator - Bandwidth vs. Synchronization 1.Diamond vs. Silicon Monochromator Crystal - Absorption, Damage vs. Quality 2.Flexure vs. Piezo Monochromator Rotation Stage - Stability vs. Range 3.Robot Arm vs. Rotary Stage Detector Mover - Reciprocal Space Access vs. Control, Safety 4.Hexapod vs. Stages Sample Manipulator - Range of Motion vs. Stability, Control 5.Ti:Sapphire Oscillator vs. Fiber Oscillator - Bandwidth vs. Synchronization

40. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 40 XPP Schedule in Primavera 3.1

41. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 41 XPP Milestones CD-1Aug 01, 07 Conceptual Design CompleteSep 21, 07 CD-2aDec 03, 07 CD-3a Jul 21, 08 Phase I Final Design Complete Oct 15, 08 Receive DiffractometerFeb 19, 09 Receive Focusing LensesFeb 27, 09 Receive Laser Optics and DiagnosticsMar 18, 09 Phase I Installation CompleteOct 01, 09 Install BNL XPP DetectorNov 03, 09 CD-4aFeb 08, 10 CD-1Aug 01, 07 Conceptual Design CompleteSep 21, 07 CD-2aDec 03, 07 CD-3a Jul 21, 08 Phase I Final Design Complete Oct 15, 08 Receive DiffractometerFeb 19, 09 Receive Focusing LensesFeb 27, 09 Receive Laser Optics and DiagnosticsMar 18, 09 Phase I Installation CompleteOct 01, 09 Install BNL XPP DetectorNov 03, 09 CD-4aFeb 08, 10

42. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 42 XPP Cost Estimate

43. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 43 WBS 1.2 - XPP Cost estimate at level 3 by fiscal year –

44. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 44 1.2 Level 3 Costs (M$)

45. David Fritz dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu LUSI DOE Review July 23-24, 2007 XPP (WBS 1.2) Breakout 45 Summary Instrument concept is advanced 100% of Letters of Intent are represented in instrument concept Standing monthly meeting with XPP team Instrument concept is based on proven developments made at SPPS and SR sources Initial specifications well developed Ready to proceed with baseline cost and schedule development Instrument concept is advanced 100% of Letters of Intent are represented in instrument concept Standing monthly meeting with XPP team Instrument concept is based on proven developments made at SPPS and SR sources Initial specifications well developed Ready to proceed with baseline cost and schedule development