1. Chapter 3 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

2. You Must Know The cellular functions of lipids. How the sequence and subcomponents of lipids determine their properties. The basic structure of a nucleic acid. How changes in organic molecules would affect their function.

3. Concept 3.4: Lipids are a diverse group of molecules What do these molecules have in common? © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. Fats OH Glycerol Hydroxyl HO Fatty Acid carboxyl triglyceride Ester linkage

5. Fatty acids vary in length (number of carbons) and in the number and locations of double bonds © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

6. (a) Saturated fat Structural formula of a saturated fat molecule Space-filling model of stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid Saturated fatty acids have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no carbon carbon double bonds.

7. (b) Unsaturated fat Structural formula of an unsaturated fat molecule Space-filling model of oleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid Double bond causes bending. Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more carbon carbon double bonds.

8. The major function of fats is energy storage Fat is a compact way for animals to carry their energy stores with them © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

9. Figure 3.14ab (a) Structural formula (b) Space-filling model Choline Phosphate Glycerol Fatty acids Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails Phospholipids

10. Figure 3.14cd Hydrophilic head (d) Phospholipid bilayer (c) Phospholipid symbol Hydrophobic tails

11. Steroids

12. Concept 3.6: Nucleic acids store, transmit, and help express hereditary information The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a unit of inheritance called a gene Genes are made of DNA, a nucleic acid made of monomers called nucleotides There are two types of nucleic acids – Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) – Ribonucleic acid (RNA) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

13. Figure 3.26a Sugar-phosphate backbone (on blue background) (a) Polynucleotide, or nucleic acid (b) Nucleotide 5 end 3 end 5C5C 5C5C 3C3C 3C3C Phosphate group Sugar (pentose) Nitrogenous base Nucleoside