2. Americans Migrate to Cities  NYC = 800,000 (1860) and 3.5 million (1900)  Immigrants  Lacked $ to buy farms and edu for higher paying jobs  Rural Americans  Better paying jobs  More activity  Pop growth = demand for land increase = land price increase

3. Skyscrapers  Land was so expensive that people started building up!  Tall, steel framed  Chicago’s ten-story Home Insurance Building (1885) –First skyscraper  Louis Sullivan—designed skyscrapers in Chicago— simple lines and spacious windows, new durable plate glass

4. Mass Transit  Horsecar—railroad car pulled by horses  1890—70% horsecar  1873—San Fran cable car  1887—Frank J. Sprague electric trolley car  Chicago—elevated railroad  Boston and NYC--subway