1. Consortium Approach for Building Digital Libraries Moving towards a National Consortium by Dr. Jagdish Arora Librarian, IIT Delhi & National Coordinator, INDEST Consortium http://paniitd.iitd.ac.in/indest/ jarora@library.iitd.ac.in

2. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 This presentation includes: Consortium: Players INDEST Consortium: Basic Model Consortium Services Important Characteristics of Successful Consortium Centrally-funded Consortium: Associated Problems Strategic Implementation Issues Digital Collection Development amongst Member Libraries Proposal for a National Consortium in India Conclusion

3. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Libraries  Greater bargaining power  Cost Savings  Additional Purchase power Consortium Win-Win Situation Publishers  Single-point negotiation  Greater market + Expansion  Consolidated ordering, payment &renewal Users  Convenient access  More Resources Vendors  New Role, New avenues to increase their increased revenue

4. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 INDEST Consortium: Basic Model The MHRD provides funds to the INDEST consortium: For subscription to electronic resources for institutes funded by it; and For operational cost of the Consortium. Open-ended Consortium: Self- subscribing institutions + Member institutions

5. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 INDEST Consortium: Members Members Core Members38 (Funds for e-resources through MHRD) Members with AICTE Support60 Self-supportedMembers27 Total 125

6. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 E-Resources being Subscribed under the consortium Full-text Resources IEL Online Elsevier’s ScienceDirect + Academic Press’ Ideal Springer’s: Link ABI / Inform Proquest’s Science ACM Digital Library Databases Compendex + INSPEC SciFinder Scholar MathSciNet Web of Science JCCC Jgate

7. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Additional Resources for INDEST Consortium (2004) New Resources for 2004 Science Nature EBSCO Business Source Premier Emerald Full-text Science Direct for IIMs Euromonitor (GMID) Capitaline JCCC (for IIMs)

8. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Transforming Consortium Loose Federations and Buying Clubs Centrally Organized Service Delivery Organizations

9. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Consortium Services E-resources purchasing Resources sharing JCCC@INDEST Educational programs: Training of users / training the trainees Training programmes (decentralized: All IITs / IISc to organize training programmes at various levels) Annual Meet Theme Conference

10. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Consortium Services Technology support to member institutions Computerization, Digitization Shared technology systems Federated Search Application Service Provider (ASP) Union Catalogue Joint storage facilities Journal Archives Backfiles Shared core collections

11. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Consortium Services Shared digital library project development (INDEST Extended) Electronic Theses and Dissertation (ETD) Union Catalogue of Journals Union Catalogue of Books (LibSys Z39.50 Architecture) Shared E-reference / Live Reference Service Library of Congress Collaborative Digital Reference Service (http://www.loc.gov/rr/digref/cdrshome.html)http://www.loc.gov/rr/digref/cdrshome.html

12. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Important characteristics of successful consortium Sustenance and Continuity MHRD and AICTE is committed to provide sustained support, separate budget head created Agile Active support from members, ministry and headquarters Resources based on Usage Collaborative Working: Active Contributing Members Creative and innovative organization Head-quarters at the IIT Delhi National Steering Committee National Review Committee Special Interest Groups Valuable programs and services

13. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Important characteristics of successful consortium Committed membership Core Members (38) AICTE-Supported Members (60) Self-supported Members (27) Clear Funding and Ownership Strong Leadership / Governance Agreed Management strategy Adequate staffing

14. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Important characteristics of successful consortium Continuous communication At Consortium level INDEST Mailing List INDEST Web Site Workshops / Annual Meet Usage Statistics JCCC Online Questionnaire to coax institutions to take action At Institutional level User Convention User Group Training Programme at Institutions by vendors

15. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Important characteristics of successful consortium Shared Vision User’s Involvement in the Process of Resource Selection Larger Spread of Consortium to attract interest of the publisher

16. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Centrally-funded Consortium: Associated Problems Centrally-funded Consortium: INDEST / CSIR / DAE-Science Direct / INFLIBNET- INFONET Associated problems: Strategic Implementation Issues

17. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Strategic Implementation Issues Usage Monitoring Most resources have web-based interfaces to view the usage statistics Usage Statistics are mailed to member institutions by the Consortium Questionnaire to coax institutions to take action Resources based on Usage

18. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Strategic Implementation Issues Regional Coordinators Copyright and IPR Issue E-Resources are licensed, not purchased IPR issues have different implications in electronic environment Reliability of Connectivity All institutions are getting funds to increase their connectivity and bandwidth Categorization of Institutions based on usage

19. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Strategic Implementation Issues Training of Users Training of Trainers Archival Access / back-up Perpetual access from publishers site (Science Direct) Local Host (ACM Digital Library) CDs / DVDs (with search interface along with Web Access) Passive back-up on CDs (Most publishers) Active back-up on Intranet Servers / Consortium Web Servers with Search Software (JCCC)

20. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Proposal for a National Consortium in India Logic Educational and research in India are mostly funded by the Government; Most educational / research institutions fall under 10 –12 ministries; Larger number of Consortium members will bring greater bargaining power to the consortium and greater benefits to members.

21. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Proposal for a National Consortium in India Strategy Ministries / Departments forms committees / sub- committees representing all Departments to: Expanding on existing resources of INDEST and UGC-INFONET, identify additional resources of common interest; Negotiate with the publishers for the best rates of subscription and terms of reference with committee representing all departments; Expand structure of INDEST Consortium to function as a national Consortium;

22. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Strategy (Continue) Provide financial resources for: Ensure availability of sufficient bandwidth and network connections to all participating institutions; Establishing fibre optic-based high speed Campus LAN in each of the networked institutions (if the infrastructure does not exist); Establishing physical and computer infrastructure for the consortium. The INDEST consortium can be expanded to function as national consortium; Provide funds for subscription to core electronic resources that would be used by the institutions under a given ministry;

23. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Strategy (Continue) Consortia-based subscription to electronic resources not included in core subscription will be borne from participating institutions; Amount involved in consortia-based subscription to electronic resources would be diverted directly from funding agency to the National Consortium.

24. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 INDEST National Consortium MHRD 38 Core INDEST Members AICTE (60 institutions) Other Ministries Other Institutions (self- support)

25. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Digital Library Content Creation “Bon Digital” Portal Sites Conversion Print to Digital Integrated Access Buying Access E-Resources Acquiring Digital Media Content Creation “Born Digital” Building Digital Library

26. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Acquisition of Collections available in Digital Formats CD ROM / DVD ROM Databases Indian Standards / ASTM Standards Local Hosting: ACM Digital Library Mirror Servers: UGC Infornet Silver Platter’s ERL Technology: Silver Linker Networked CD ROM: Caching CD ROM Contents on Intranet Server

27. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Buying Access to External Digital Collections Buying Access: Electronic Journals (6,000+) Online Databases Already being practiced through the INDEST Consortium

28. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Creating Open-source Digital Collection (“Born Digital”) Internet-based digital depositories of quality scholarly publications; Interoperable, open-access content repositories distributed across institutions; Electronic Theses and Dissertations: Implemented at IIT Bombay and IIT Kanpur Preprint Servers for the Consortium OAI-complaint software to ensure interoperability of digital collections OAI-complaint software: D-Space, E-print Archives, CDSWare, etc. being tested

29. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Develop templates using standard formats such as Dublin Core / MARC for creating records in e- print archives Develop detailed guidelines to set-up and implement e-print archives at each institution; Institutions in Consortium would be encouraged to set-up e-print archive servers INDEST Headquarters to develop and set-up data harvesting server for harvesting metadata from multiple institutional depositories

30. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Conversion of Existing Print Media into Digital Format Collaborative scanning of printed material across all consortium members (specially IITs and IISc) Adopt standards / protocols / procedures for scanning of material IPR issues

31. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Portal Sites or Gateways to the Electronic Resources Catalogue Internet resources in a collaborative mode Pathfinders for electronic resources available on the Internet Standards format (like Dublin Core) and a public- domain software can be used for setting up the such a site Project CORC: Collaborative Efforts towards Cataloguing Internet Resources

32. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Providing Integrated Access to Resources Science Direct EBSCO Wiley Link ABI / INFORM Library User Library OPAC In-house Digitized material

33. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Local set of links to full text resources proves inefficient & difficult to maintain Integration at resource level (not article level) Search Options for journal Titles through Library OPAC or through Independent Search interface Search option at article level is not available

34. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Bibliographic Databases as Tools of Integration Bibliographic databases offer an opportunity for integrated access and cross- searching of multiple digital repositories Bibliographic databases provide links to full-text resources Limitations Time lags in coverage of resources Time-lag in providing links to full-text resources Lack “browse” facility subject-specific coverage Problems of “Appropriate copy (full text)”

35. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Integrated Search Interface E-Books Databases Full text resources Library services Web pages An Integrated Search Interface for All Resources

36. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Technologies and Solution for Cross Searching of Digital Repositories Metadata harvesting approach The bibliographic data is harvested which is used for building advanced services without relying on real-time interactive access to the remote digital repositories. Web search engines are based on harvesting and keyword searching. Open Archives Initiatives (OAI) The JCCC and J-Gate also use metadata-harvesting approach Keyword searching works well for the heterogeneous unstructured data sources. However, it fails to exploit the benefits of structured metadata that most full-text resources and bibliographic databases offer

37. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Technologies and Solution for Cross Searching of Digital Repositories Cross-searching of multiple heterogeneous digital repositories Distributed searching approach Provides direct, real-time access to information sources on the web without resorting to crawling or replicating or harvesting metadata; While hosting and crawling large quantities of data are expensive, difficult and frequently incomplete, distributed searching approach provides direct, real-time access to digital repositories on the web without crawling or replicating data.

38. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Technologies and Solution for Cross Searching of Digital Repositories A number of commercial products and services are now available that offer cross-searching and linking possibilities based on distributed searching. Some of the important ones are: Virtual Document eXchange (VDX) (http://www.fdusa.com/products/vdx.html) Metalib and SFX (Ex-Libris, based Open URL Technology) WebExpress / iPort (OCLIC) Digbib (North Rhine Westphalia and Axion) MALIBU Endeavour (Elsevier Science) Science Server (http://www.scienceserver.com/) Webfeat (www.webfeat.com) IWA Portal RevCom (ww.iwapps.com) Intelliseek

39. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004

40. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Conclusion Consortia Should Work Together for same resources; Benefit of number; and Consortium extend should be large enough to attract publishers; Increased cooperation, coordination and collaboration amongst beneficiary institutions and Government agencies; Increased inter-institutional cooperation including inter-library loan; Involvement of end-users in selection of e-resources; Providing e-resources to Scientists in not a goal in-itself; The goal is to increase productivity of scientific and research output both in quantity and quality; and Trigger stronger research and academic culture in member institutions.

41. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004 Conclusion Digital Library is a collaborative enterprise “War is too important a matter to be left to the generals.” Georges Clemenceau

42. 27 Feb., 2004ICDL 2004