1. Comparison of Two Rules Later Rule and Clare’s Rule.

2. Historical background: -- Later Rule  The first Rule did not meet the expectations of the friars.  The Rule was finally confirmed by Honorius III on November 29, 1223.  It is not the work of Francis alone.

3. Historical background: -- Rule of St Clare  The Rule was approved by Innocent IV on 9th August 1253.  The original text was in Latin.  At the beginning Clare lived under the direction of Francis.  After 1247 she started to write her own Rule.

4. General View of Later Rule  A spiritual document.  A juridical document.  Twelve chapters with a title for each chapter.

5. General View of Clare’s Rule  From 1247 she started to write her own Rule modelled on the friars’ Rule of 1223.  Gospel foundation.  There are twelve chapters.

6. Comparing ChapterRule of 1223ChapterRule of Clare 1The life of the Friars Minor1Form of life of the Poor Sisters 2 Those who wish to embrace this life and how they should be received 2 Those who wish to accept this life and how they are to be received 3 The Divine Office and fasting, and how the Brothers should go about in the world 3 The Divine Office and fasting, confession and communion 4 The brothers are never to receive money 6Not having possessions 5The manner of working7 6 The brothers shall not acquire anything as their own, begging alms, the sick Brothers. 8 The Sisters shall not acquire anything as their own, begging alms, the sick Sisters

7. Comparing (contd.) ChapterRule of 1223ChapterRule of Clare 7 The penance to be imposed on the Brothers who sin 9 The penance to the imposed on the Sisters who sin. The Sisters who serve outside the monastery 8 The election of the Minister general of this Fraternity and the Chapter of Pentecost 4 The election and office of the Abbess, the Chapter, and the officials and discreets 9The preachers5Silence, the parlour, the grill 10 The admonition and correction of the Brothers 10 The admonition and correction of the Sisters 11 The Brothers are not to enter the monasteries of nuns 11The custody of the enclosure 12 Those who go among the Saracens and other non-believers 12 The Visitator, the Chaplain, and the Cardinal Protector

8. Chapter 1  To observe the Holy Gospel.  Obedience to Pope and the Church.  Clare’s obedience also to Francis.

9. Chapter 2  Receiving candidates:  Friars received candidates individually at first and then through the provincials.  Clare consulted the whole community.  Examined the candidates’ Catholic faith.

10. Chapter 2 (contd.)  Both asked candidates to give away. Possessions.  Tunics:  Two tunics without a hood.  Three tunics and a mantle.  Both received married men or women.

11. Chapter 3  Divine Office.  Fasting.  Receiving Communion.

12. Chapter 4  Not to receive money:  personally or through intermediaries.  Live in poverty.

13. Chapter 5  Manner of working:  Work faithfully and devotedly.  Avoid idleness.  Not to receive money.

14. Chapter 6  Possessing nothing:  Nothing of their own.  As pilgrims.  Begging for alms.  Care for the sick as a family.

15. Chapter 7  Penance for those who sinned:  Recourse only to the ministers.  Minister mercifully to impose a penance on them.

16. Chapter 8  Election of Minister general:  The servant of all.  Strictly bound to obey him.

17. Chapter 9  Francis: Preaching:  Not against the Church.  For the benefit of the people.  Clare: Monastic life:  Silence.

18. Chapter 10  Admonition and correction:  Admonish, not against their soul.  Obedience to Minister.  Desire the Spirit of God.

19. Chapter 11  Brothers not to enter monasteries:  Not to be godfathers.  Custody of the enclosure.

20. Chapter 12  Francis:  Permission to go among non-believers.  A Cardinal as a Protector of the fraternity.  No tampering with the Rule.  Clare:  Visitator from friars.  A chaplain from friars.  A cardinal as the protector.

21. The End