1. Causal Hypotheses

2. l Statement of relationship between an independent and dependent variable l Describes a cause and effect l Usually stated in two forms l The null hypothesis l The alternative hypothesis l The two forms are l Mutually exclusive l Exhaustive

3. Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail) Employee training program will reduce employee absenteeism. There will be no change or there will be more absenteeism as a result of training. There will be less absenteeism as a result of training. Causal hypothesis Alternative: Null:

4. Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail) Employee training program will reduce employee absenteeism. There will be no change or there will be more absenteeism as a result of training. There will be less absenteeism as a result of training. Causal hypothesis Alternative: Null: 0 + - No change LessMore Absenteeism

5. Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail) Employee training program will reduce employee absenteeism. There will be no change or there will be more absenteeism as a result of training. There will be less absenteeism as a result of training. Causal hypothesis Alternative: Null: A “one-tail” hypothesis 0 + - No change LessMore Absenteeism

6. Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail) Our new drug treatment will cause a difference in depression. There will be no change in depression as a result of treatment. There will be a change in depression as a result of treatment. Causal hypothesis Alternative: Null:

7. Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail) Our new drug treatment will cause a difference in depression. There will be no change in depression as a result of treatment. There will be a change in depression as a result of treatment. Causal hypothesis Alternative: Null: 0 + - No change LessMore Depression

8. Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail) Our new drug treatment will cause a difference in depression. There will be no change in depression as a result of treatment. There will be a change in depression as a result of treatment. Causal hypothesis Alternative: Null: A “two-tail” hypothesis 0 + - No change LessMore Depression