1. SMART ANTENNA

2. HUMAN HEARING SYSTEM – AN ANALOGY FOR SMART ANTENNA

3. DEFINITION
A smart antenna system combines multiple antenna elements with a signal processing capability to optimize its radiation and/or reception pattern automatically in response to the signal environment.
Beam the radio signal directly at a user to follow the user as they move.

4. SDMA
Space Division Multiple Access implies that more than one user can be allocated to the same physical communications channel simultaneously in the same cell, provided they are separated by an angle.
In systems providing full SDMA, there will be much more intracell handovers and therefore more monitoring by the network is necessary.

5. WHY SMART ANTENNA..? MULTI-PATH PROPAGATION Fading Different delays
Inter Symbol Interference
To reject or stimulate multipath components by changing the radiation patterns

6. CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE
Interference from other directions than wanted user
Increased noise level
To suppress unwanted user by placing nulls in directions of unwanted signals
To improve transmission quality and system capacity

7. TYPES OF SMART ANTENNA Switched lobe or switched beam:
Simplest technique
Basic switching function between separate directive antennas or predefined beams of an array
The setting that gives the best performance, usually in terms of received power, is chosen

8. Generalization of the switched lobe concept
Dynamically phased array:
Generalization of the switched lobe concept
Includes a direction of arrival (DoA) algorithm for the signal received from the user
Continuous tracking can be achieved

9. Adaptive array:
DoA to determine the direction towards interferers is added
Radiation pattern can then be adjusted to null out the interferers
Maximize the signal to interference ratio by special algorithms & space diversity techniques (receive multipath signals & combine)

13. How can an antenna be made more intelligent..?
Modifying the physical design by adding more elements
Antenna system can shift the signals before transmission at each of the successive elements for a composite effect
Controlling signal phases
A DSP weighting scheme
This basic hardware and software concept is known as the ‘phased array antenna’

16. MIMO (MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT)
It’s the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance.

17. ADVANTAGES Increased signal gain Better range/coverage
Fewer base stations are needed which in turn reduces infrastructure cost
Interference rejection & load balancing
Increased capacity
Spatial diversity
Multipath resolution
Higher data rates

18. Conventional Smart Antenna Legacy RF System Patented Smart Antenna
Power Distribution
Legacy
RF System
Power Distribution
Patented
Smart Antenna
Software
Low Capacity
High Capacity
Signal
Interference from other users
High Complexity
128W
Signal
Interference from other users
Low Complexity
2 W
Power Level
Power Amplifier Module
Power Level
Power Amplifier

19. APPLICATIONS Applications Description RADAR SONAR Communications
Phased array RADAR; air traffic control; synthetic aperture RADAR
SONAR
Source location and classification
Communications
Smart antenna systems; Directional transmission and reception; sector broadcast in satellite communications
Imaging
Ultrasonic; optical; tomographic
Geophysical Exploration
Earth crust mapping; oil exploration
Astrophysical Exploration
High resolution imaging of universe
Biomedical
Neuronal spike discrimination; fetal heart monitoring; tissue hyperthermia; hearing aids