1. Computer Science 209 The Strategy Pattern I: Comparisons and Layouts

2. The Context of the Strategy Pattern I want to supply an algorithm or set of algorithms to be run in the context of a server ’ s class Example: I want to sort elements in a list according to several different fields (title, author, ISBN, etc.)

3. Solution of the Strategy Pattern I implement an interface whose methods specify the algorithms I want to be run in the server ’ s class The server provides one or more methods that accept parameters of my interface type The server runs the algorithms in that interface by running the appropriate methods on the parameter objects that I have passed to it

4. Example: Comparator I supply a comparison algorithm for a distinct ordering of elements by –Creating a class that implements Comparator –Implementing the compare method –Passing an instance of that class to the server The server, such as Collections.sort, applies my algorithm by running my object ’ s compare method with the collection ’ s elements

5. Distinct Responsibilities > Comparator a Comparator object > List a List object Collections.sort(aList, aComparator) The sort method implements the sorting strategy The Comparator object implements the comparison strategy in the method Compare

6. Comparable and compareTo public interface Comparable { // Returns 0 if receiver equals other // Returns < 0 if receiver is less than other // Returns > 0 if receiver is greater than other public int compareTo(T other); } public class Student implements Comparable { public int compareTo(Student other){ return name.compareTo(other.name); } Students are by default used in contexts wherein they are ordered by name.

7. Multiple Orderings A client might ask for a list of students sorted by average grade or another list of students sorted by highest grade compareTo provides just one, default ordering Use a Comparator object other orderings

8. Using a Comparator public static void sort(List list, Comparator c) A second Collections.sort method expects an object whose class implements the Comparator interface. The sort method uses the comparator object ’ s compare method to sort the list.

9. Using a Comparator List list = new ArrayList (); Student s1 = new Student("Ken", 4); Student s2 = new Student("Simon", 4); list.add(s1); list.add(s2); Collections.sort(list, new ComparatorByHighScore()); Collections.sort(list, new ComparatorByAverageScore()); Each comparator object specifies a distinct ordering for comparisons.

10. public interface Comparator { // Returns 0 if obj1 equals obj2 // Returns < 0 if obj1 is less than obj2 // Returns > 0 if obj1 is greater than obj2 public int compare(T obj1, T obj2); } import java.util.Comparator; public class ComparatorByHighScore implements Comparator { public int compare(Student s1, Student s2){ return s1.getHighScore() - s2.getHighScore(); } Comparator and compare

11. public interface Comparator { // Returns 0 if obj1 equals obj2 // Returns < 0 if obj1 is less than obj2 // Returns > 0 if obj1 is greater than obj2 public int compare(T obj1, T obj2); } import java.util.Comparator; public class ComparatorByAverageScore implements Comparator { public int compare(Student s1, Student s2){ return s1.getAverage() - s2.getAverage(); }

12. Using Comparators We need a new comparator class for each new possible ordering We might need to use each comparator just once in our code Lots of new named classes add clutter to our system

13. Anonymous Classes An anonymous class is a class without a name It ’ s usually defined at the point where it ’ s instantiated An anonymous class is like inline code – it ’ s written at the place where it needs to be used and there is just one such place

14. Format for Creating an Anonymous Class new (){ } Creates an instance of an anonymous class that can be used wherever an object of the interface type is expected.

15. Example: Compare by Average Comparator comp1 = new Comparator (){ public int compare(Student s1, Student s2){ return s1.getAverage() - s2.getAverage(); } }; Collections.sort(list, comp1); Create the comparator and assign it to a variable. Then use the variable/comparator to sort the list.

16. Example: Compare by Title Collections.sort(list, new Comparator (){ public int compare(Student s1, Student s2){ return s1.getAverage() - s2.getAverage(); } }); You don ’ t even need the extra variable. Just create the comparator when it ’ s needed.

17. Components, Containers, and Layouts Some GUI components are primitives, such as buttons and fields Others are containers in which components can be placed, such as frames and panels (panels can be nested recursively) The manner of organizing components can vary with the container and with the application

18. Layout Managers Components are added to a container under the influence of a layout manager The default layout manager for frames and dialogs is BorderLayout The default layout manager for panels and applets is FlowLayout

19. The Layout Strategy The different layout managers implement the LayoutManager interface A container calls methods in this interface to lay out the components The user of the container supplies an instance of this interface for a particular type of layout Strategy pattern!

20. Common Layouts FlowLayout Wrap around effect BorderLayout 5 distinct areas GridLayout Two-dimensional grid of equal-sized areas GridBagLayout Allows stretching of cells across rows and columns

21. Grid Layouts public GridExample(){ Container c = getContentPane(); c.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 2)); c.add(new JButton("One")); c.add(new JButton("Two")); c.add(new JButton("Three")); c.add(new JButton("Four")); } Cells are filled in row major order Components stretch to fill their cells