1. Classification of Matter
1. Composition of Matter 2. Properties of Matter

2. Composition of Matter
Matter takes up space and is composed of particles and of various substance.
Particles = Atoms + Molecules
Substance can either be pure or impure.

3. Substance - Pure
Element – When all atoms in a substance are alike, the substance is called element.
Example: Gold, Copper, Lead, etc…
Compound – is a substance with two or more elements combined by chemical means, and in a fixed proportion.
Example: Water, Salt, Chalk, OTC pills, etc…

4. Substance - Impure
Mixture – Two or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means.
Two types of mixtures:
Heterogeneous mixture
Homogeneous mixture (solution)

5. Mixtures
Heterogeneous – mixture of different and easily distinguishable materials.
Example: Granite rock (mica, quartz, microcline), Permanent press fabric,
Homogeneous – mixture of two or more gaseous, liquid, or solid substances blended evenly; also called a solution.
Example: Vinegar, Soda, Air, Contact Lens Saline, Toothpaste

6. Heterogeneous Mixtures
Two types:
Colloid
Suspension
Colloid: Heterogeneous mixture with large particles that never settle. Example: fog, gelatin, paint
Suspension: Heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle. – Example: Pond, Cells in test tube.

7. Physical Property
Characteristics of a material which can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
Appearance – e.g. color, shape, size
Behavior – viscosity, magnetism, ductility
Understanding these properties allow you to separate them from a mixture.

8. Physical Change
Change in a substance’s size, shape, or state of matter
Substance does NOT change identity
Reversible process
Examples:
Dissolving salt in water;
Denting a car bumper;
water to ice or vapor;
Glass break
Ice cream melts

9. Chemical Properties
Characteristics of a substance indicating that it can change chemically.
Example:
Flammability of a substance
Light sensitivity of a substance

10. Chemical Change When one substance change to another substance
Allows us to separate substance such as metals from their ores.
Indicators:
Temperature: change in smell, bubble formation
Color Change: Rusting
Examples:
Burning candle,
Cooking
Food Digestion
Photosynthesis

11. Weathering Earth’s surface involve both physical and chemical changes.
Physical – Big rocks split into smaller ones; stream carry rock particles from one location to another.
Chemical – occurs in rocks when calcium carbonate in limestone changes to calcium hydrogen carbonate due to acid rain.

12. Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass of all substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all substances after the change.