1. Affordable Ubiquitous Computing By David G. Brown, Wake Forest University @ New Brunswick Community College September 25, 2000 8:00 AM

2. http://thenode.org/ltreport/list.cfm?Subj=26&Loc=LTR

3. 8 BASIC MODELS OF UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING (Ordered by total cost, starting with the most expensive) All + Powerful + Laptops + Annual Refresh UMC Refresh Less Frequently WFU WVWC Substitute Desktop Computers USAFA Provide One Computer Per Two Beds Chatham Specify Threshold Level SSU UNC Substitute Network Computers Provide Public Station Computers BC Teach with Explicit Assumption of Access

4. WAYS TO REDUCE START UP COSTS Annual Lease Phase in by classes Phase in by programs Phase in by type of program Phase in by category (faculty, students, staff) Hand me down Loaner Pool Standardize Stress The Big Six

5. The Big Six #1. E-mail #2. Web Pages (for each course) #3. Internet URLs #4. Lotus Screen Cams #5. PowerPoint with Audio #6. Microsoft Word with Comment

6. Results at Wake Forest

7. Personal Use of Computers by Wake Forest Faculty Source: 1998 HERI Survey 98% E-mail 91% Memos & Letters 75% Scholarly Research 41% Presentations 36% Data Analysis 22% On Line Discussion Groups

8. Computers Enhance My Teaching and/or Learning Via-- Presentations Better--20% More Opportunities to Practice & Analyze--35% More Access to Source Materials via Internet--43% More Communication with Faculty Colleagues, Classmates, and Between Faculty and Students--87%

9. Computers allow people---- to belong to more communities to be more actively engaged in each community with more people over more miles for more months and years TO BE MORE COLLABORATIVE

10. WHY UBIQUITOUS? Mentality shifts-- like from public phone to personal phone. Teaching Assumptions shift-- like from readings are on reserve to everyone owns a copy of his/her own. Timelines shift-- like from “our class meets MWF” to “we see each other all the time and MWF we meet together ” Students’ sense of access shifts-- like from “I can get that book in the library” to “I have that book in my library.” Relationships shift-- like from a family living in many different states to all family members living in the same tow

11. I know my students learn more when I teach with technology! Technology increases collaboration. More collaboration means more learning Technology enables different strokes for different folks. More customization means more learning Technology enables more interaction. More interaction means more learning The opportunity cost of learning how to use technology is becoming negligible.

12. LESSONS LEARNED Early investment in extensive multimedia may be more fun than useful Chat sessions are rarely productive Threaded discussions work only when the topic is narrowly defined, controversial, and the response is time limited and graded Powerpoint is often abused and overused

13. Lessons Learned First Focus Upon Communication Undertake achievable goals Contact becomes Continuous. Students expect messages between classes Team assignments increase Papers & Talks often include visuals Departmental clubs thrive Student Portfolios Emerge Students teach faculty

14. Lessons Learned Computer challenged students learn basic skills quickly, without special classes Disciplines use computers differently The Internet is the place to put electronic class materials (WebCT) Start with Learning Objectives, Not Technology If Email is always up, everyone will be happy

15. Lessons Learned Greatest benefits are what happens between classes, not during classes. Greatest gains from computing come from some of the simplest applications Standardization speeds faculty adoption and eases the pressure upon support staff. Standardization saves class time. Student groups are larger and more active.

16. Main Impact of Computers Upon Learning in College Student Self Confidence is Shaken When They Aren’t Computer Savvy Availability of New Methods of Teaching & Learning has greatly increased how much and how we think about effective teaching. Different strokes for different folks-- individualization w/o necessarily personalization Community is strengthened in every way! [Always in Touch]

17. David G. Brown Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, N.C. 27109 336-758-4878 email: brown@wfu.edu http//:www.wfu.edu/~brown fax: 336-758-4875