1. Friday 1/16 RAP Why do you get Monday off from school? Today: Review “The Six Basic Principles of the Constitution” Pages 64-70. Ch. 3: Please include in your notes. Know vocabulary, formal and informal amendment process, and amendments #1-27 Universal Human Rights w/ partner

2. MLK Jr. Day Former Arizona governor Bruce Babitt, a Democrat, created the holiday in Arizona by executive order just before he left office in 1986, but his Republican successor Evan Mecham, armed with an attorney general's opinion that Babbitt's order was illegal, rescinded it days after he took office. In 1989, the Arizona state legislature replaced Columbus Day with the King holiday. In 1990, Arizonans were given the opportunity to vote to observe an MLK holiday. In 1990 the National Football League threatened to move the Super Bowl that was planned to be in Arizona in 1993 if the MLK holiday was voted down. The state legislature passed a measure to keep both Columbus Day and Martin Luther King Day, but 76% of voters rejected the King holiday. Consequently, the state "lost $500 million and the Super Bowl" which moved to the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. In a referendum in 1992, the voters approved recognition of the holiday. Clip for Civil Rights Day

3. XC State of the Union Address Tuesday – usually 6pm Take notes on address—key words Create word bubble Turn in notes and word bubble on Wednesday. Requirements /guideline will be online if you change your mind.

4. Friday 8/21 RAP Did you study for the quiz on Ch. 1 and 2? Are you going to the game tonight? Today: Quiz on Ch. 1 and 2 video “A More Perfect Union” PBS Monday: Six Principles PPT Amendment notes

5. Monday 8/24 RAP Give an example from the video on Friday of how we see federalism at work everyday. Today: Quiz 1 and 2 Constitution and Six Principles Amendments

6. The Six Basic Principles of The American Constitutional System

7. Popular Sovereignty (self governing) Government can govern only with the consent of the governed Contrast to “the will of the majority” The people are in charge of their own communities, religions, and social interactions

8. Limited Government The government can only intrude with the people’s consent Government must obey the law -- Constitutionalism –government must be conducted according to the constitutional principles. The government and its officials are always subject to the law: rule of law First amendment—shows limits of government

9. Separation of Powers Powers are distributed among the three branches Legislative (Congress) Executive (President) Judicial (the courts) The separation was created to prevent too much power in the hands of one person, or a few people

10. Checks and Balances Each branch is subject to constitutional restraints by the other branches “You must first enable the government to control the governed, and next oblige it to control itself.” –James Madison In general, the branches of government restrain themselves as they attempt to achieve their goals Look at the diagram on page 68 – create your own diagram on the back of your handout.

12. Judicial Review The power of courts to determine whether what government does is in accord with what the Constitution provides. The landmark case Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the power of the judicial branch to determine the constitutionality of an action of government The Supreme Court is the ultimate authority of the Constitution Unconstitutional—to declare illegal, null and void; power is held by all federal courts and by most state courts.

13. Federalism The division of power among the central government and several regional governments Framers found Federalism to be a compromise between a strict central government and a loose confederation, such as the Articles of Confederation National government holds some powers and others belong to the 50 states.

15. The Constitution A nation without a national government is, in my view, an awful spectacle. --Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist Papers, No. 85

16. History of the Constitution Solitary Neglect: Distance from England allowed relaxed control. Declaration of Independence: established key principals for a federal system of government Articles of Confederation showed the fear of a strong central government gave state governments more power than the central

17. The Constitution pg.760 The Preamble: purpose of government “We the People” –What does this mean? Article I: Legislative Branch (make laws) Article II: Executive Branch (enforce laws) Article III: Judicial Branch (interpret laws) Article IV: Relations Among States Article V: Provisions for Amendments 1. 2/3 vote both the House and Senate 2. 2/3 of state legislatures Article VI: Debts, Supremacy, & Oaths “Supremacy Clause” Article VI sec.2

18. The Constitution Expressed Powers: Specifically written in the Constitution Implied Powers: not expressly state in the Constitution; are reasonably suggested. Elastic Clause Congress has the power to tax, therefore it can make tax evasion a crime. Inherent Powers: belong to the national government because it is the government of a sovereign nation. Congress regulates immigration Which of the 3 powers is less likely to be challenged by checks & balances?

20. Formal Amendment Ch. 3.2 Constitution has been modified over the past 200 years. Words and phrases have been added, eliminated, and / or changed. This process has happened in two ways: Formal amendment Informal amendment

21. Formal Amendment Four possible methods of formal amendment First method: may be proposed by two- thirds vote in each house of Congress and be ratified by three fourths of the State legislatures. 38 state legislatures must approve an amendment for it to become a part of the Constitution. 26 of the 27 amendments were adopted this way.

22. Formal amendments cont. Second Method: may be proposed by Congress and then ratified by conventions, in three fourths of the states. 21 st amendment, in 1933 was adopted in this way. Congress felt the elected delegates would most likely reflect public opinion.

23. Formal amendment cont. Third Method: may be proposed by a national convention, called by Congress at the request of two thirds of the State legislatures.

24. Formal amendments cont. Fourth Method: May be proposed by a national convention and ratified by conventions in three fourths of the States.

25. Federalism and Popular Sovereignty Proposal of amendments takes place at the national level and ratification is a State by State matter. Amending the Constitution represents the will of the people. Proposed amendments: Congress proposes – States ratify 27 amendments- Which is the most important amendment to you? Why?

26. Bill of Rights, pg.771- Were added less than three years after the Constitution became effective. First proposed by the First Congress in 1789. Ratified by the States in late 1791. Sets out the basic rights of the people.

27. Informal Amendments Ch. 3.3 Real key to constitutional change and development lies in the process of informal amendment. The process by which over time many changes have been made in the Constitution Informal amendments are the result of the day-to- day, year to year experiences of government.

28. Five basic ways informal takes place. Basic legislation- passed a number of laws to spell out several of the Constitution’s brief provisions. Like… interstate commerce What is it that Congress has the power to regulate? Executive Action- expanded executive action. Executive agreement is a pact made by the President directly with the head of a foreign state.

29. Party Practices- Constitution makes no mention of political parties, yet they have played a major role in the shaping of government. National conventions, electoral college Custom – many customs have developed in our governmental system. Cabinet-an advisory body to the President.

30. Tuesday 8/25 RAP In your own words, what is the difference between a formal amendment and an informal amendment? Today: 27 amendments. Make sure you write what the amendment means and then also in your own words! give an example to help you understand it.

31. For the rest of class Articles of the Constitution Look at chart on page 65—copy it in your notes leaving space between each one for additional notes. Turn to page 760: As a class review articles. please add a few notes on each article of the Constitution. Ex. Article I and II: Qualifications, term Article III, and others: term, summary, etc. Amendments Human rights / amendments with partner if time permits.

32. Wednesday 8/26 RAP What is Article 1, 2, and 3 of the Constitution about? Today CE presentations Complete Amendments of the Constitution

33. Amendments to the Constitution 27 amendments. Make sure you write what the amendment means and then also in your own words! give an example to help you understand it.

34. Thursday 8/27 RAP After reading and writing out the 27 amendments to the Constitution, which do you think is the most important now? Explain. Today: Turn in 27 amendments Create your country! Begin Human Rights / you make work with the person next to you, but you both have to have them written in your notes—in complete sentences.

35. Your Country In your notebook. Title: your country’s name what you are doing. I will give you a piece of paper for your flag.

36. Friday 8/28 RAP What do you believe is the most needed or beneficial human right? Why? Today: Share your country Begin Human Rights / Constitution

37. Human Rights All member nations have signed the Declaration of Human Rights. Does this mean countries who are not members do not have these rights? Which person, from the United States, led the committee in the United Nations to create this document? What person (different from above) from the United States has fought for rights of all people?

38. Handout for notes on vocabulary and terms for Ch. 3 Please have this complete by Thursday. Today: With the person sitting next to you, please read the second paragraph of the Declaration of Independence on page 40. Think about what the founders believed. Read each article of Human Rights from the booklet, and the corresponding section of the Constitution, starting on page 760. Using complete sentences, explain how Universal Human Rights are reflected in the U.S. Constitution. WRITE THIS OUT IN YOUR OWN NOTES! PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THESE HANDOUTS!