1. Chapter 3 Sections 1 & 2 – An Era of Exploration & Spain Builds an Empire

2. 1 st people in the Americas are actually the Vikings from Scandinavia. 1001 – Leif Ericson reached Newfoundland (Vinland) but did not stay long

3. The Viking Voyages

4. Newfoundland

5. Late 1400s, Spain wants to get in on Asian spice trade  King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella agree to fund an expedition for the Italian Christopher Columbus

6. 3 ships: Santa Maria, Nina & Pinta 90 sailors

7. October 12, 1492 – lands in islands in Caribbean

8. Given Title: ADMIRAL OF THE SEAS

9. Makes 3 more voyages to New World  1493 – sets up 1 st Spanish colony – Hispaniola (Haiti/Dominican Republic)

10. SIGNIFICANCE: LASTING CONTACT AMONG PEOPLES OF EUROPE, AFRICA & AMERICAS

11. EFFECT ON NATIVES? 1. CLAIMED LANDS 2. FORCED LABOR 3. DIED OF HARSH CONDITIONS OR DISEASE

12. Columbus’ voyages mark a turning point in history

13. Effect for Europeans Place to settle, trade & grow rich

14. COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE GLOBAL EXCHANGE OF GOODS & IDEAS (pg. 71)

15. TODAY’S RESULT: ½ of the world’s food crops come from plants 1 st grown in the Americas

16. LATER EXPLORERS

17. 1513 – Vasco Nunez de Balboa Explored Panama & claimed Pacific for Spain

18. 1519 – 1522 Ferdinand Magellan 1 st group to circumnavigate the world

19. Found an ALL water WESTERN route to Asia EFFECT – found out true size of the Earth

20. SPANISH CONQUISTADORS

21. 1519 – Hernando Cortes Sailed for Mexico & conquered Aztecs in 1520 - Killed emperor Montezuma & captured Tenochtitlan – Aztec empire fell

22. 1532 – Francisco Pizarro Captured Incan emperor 1535 – controlled much of empire

23. Why are these conquistadors so successful?? 1. Superior military equipment 2. Natives frightened by mounted soldiers 3. Natives didn’t fight hard (gods?) 4. Diseases

24. 1513 Juan Ponce de Leon Explored Florida in search of a fountain of youth

25. 1533 Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca Traveled by foot over 1,000 miles throughout the southwestern part of United States

26. 1539-1542 Hernando de Soto Explored Florida & the Southeast 1 st to reach Mississippi River

27. 1540 – Francisco Coronado Explored southwest borderlands in search of “seven cities of gold” Reached Grand Canyon

28. 3 types of settlements in New Spain 1. Pueblos – towns (Santa Fe, NM) 2. Presidios – forts (St. Augustine, FL) 3. Missions - religious settlements (El Paso, TX)

29. 4 social classes in New Spain 1. Peninsulares – born in Spain 2. Creoles – born in Americas to Spanish parents 3. Mestizos – mixed Spanish & Indian 4. Indians

30. Bartolome de Las Casas  Fought for reform for Natives  1540s – royal government passed laws prohibiting enslavement of Natives but few enforced  de Las Casas suggested using Africans as slaves

31. Why use African slaves? 1. Immune to disease 2. Used to hard labor

32. RESULT? 1500s – 1800s 10 million enslaved Africans brought to Americas