1. Chapter 5 Lesson 12 A Divided Nation

2. The student will interpret sectional differences in the North and South during the Civil War (i.e., a map of the Union, Confederate, and border states, pictorial representations of crop production, reading timelines, and interpreting bar graphs showing human, natural, and manmade resources). interpret sectional differences in the North and South during the Civil War (i.e., a map of the Union, Confederate, and border states, pictorial representations of crop production, reading timelines, and interpreting bar graphs showing human, natural, and manmade resources).

3. A Divided Nation By 1861, the United States had 34 states. Eleven were in the South. The rest were in the North or on the West Coast. By 1861, the United States had 34 states. Eleven were in the South. The rest were in the North or on the West Coast.

4. A Divided Nation For some time, disagreements between the northern and southern states had been growing. Most had to do with the different ways of life and economies that developed in each region. For some time, disagreements between the northern and southern states had been growing. Most had to do with the different ways of life and economies that developed in each region. The years before the Civil War are called the antebellum period. During that time sectional differences had been on the rise. By 1861, relations between the North and South were at their worst. The Civil War was about to begin. The years before the Civil War are called the antebellum period. During that time sectional differences had been on the rise. By 1861, relations between the North and South were at their worst. The Civil War was about to begin.

5. The Southern Plantation Lifestyle Sectional differences developed between the North and the South largely as a result of climate and land. In the South, the warm climate and fertile soil were perfect for growing such crops as tobacco, cotton, and sugar cane. Sectional differences developed between the North and the South largely as a result of climate and land. In the South, the warm climate and fertile soil were perfect for growing such crops as tobacco, cotton, and sugar cane.

6. The Southern Plantation Lifestyle These were called cash crops because they were sold in large quantities for money. These were called cash crops because they were sold in large quantities for money. Tobacco Cotton Sugar Cane

7. The Southern Plantation Lifestyle Southern settlers grew their crops on large farms called plantations. Many workers were needed to work on the plantations. Southern settlers grew their crops on large farms called plantations. Many workers were needed to work on the plantations.

8. The Southern Plantation Lifestyle Africans were brought to the United States against their will and sold into slavery. Plantation owners bought the African captives. As slaves, African and African American captives had no civil rights and were not paid for their work. Those who tried to escape enslavement were arrested, whipped, and sometimes killed. Africans were brought to the United States against their will and sold into slavery. Plantation owners bought the African captives. As slaves, African and African American captives had no civil rights and were not paid for their work. Those who tried to escape enslavement were arrested, whipped, and sometimes killed.

9. This is a photograph showing a group of Plantation Slaves. The photograph was taken on Smith's Plantation, Beaufort, South Carolina. It shows a group of about 30 blacks gathered around a large slave cabin.

10. The Southern Plantation Lifestyle Enslaved people were forced to perform hard labor and were often mistreated. Enslaved people were forced to perform hard labor and were often mistreated. Slave owners could separate families any time they wanted by selling husbands, wives, and children. Slave owners could separate families any time they wanted by selling husbands, wives, and children.

11. The Southern Plantation Lifestyle In contrast to the life of a slave, the life of wealthy plantation families was relatively easy. In contrast to the life of a slave, the life of wealthy plantation families was relatively easy. The head of household did not have to do housework, because enslaved women and children did all the cooking and cleaning. The head of household did not have to do housework, because enslaved women and children did all the cooking and cleaning.

12. The Southern Plantation Lifestyle Though fewer than half of all white southerners belonged to slave-owning families, according to the 1860 census, most southerners agreed with the practice of slavery. Though fewer than half of all white southerners belonged to slave-owning families, according to the 1860 census, most southerners agreed with the practice of slavery.

13. Life in the North The cooler climate and rocky soil in the North contributed to a way of life that was very different from that in the South. The cooler climate and rocky soil in the North contributed to a way of life that was very different from that in the South. Though most northerners lived in rural areas during this time, farms were smaller. Though most northerners lived in rural areas during this time, farms were smaller. Farmers grew food crops more than cash crops. Farmers grew food crops more than cash crops.

14. Life in the North In the North, trade and industry grew to be more important than farming. In the North, trade and industry grew to be more important than farming. The growing number of businesses were the result of advances in manufacturing, transportation, and communication, as well as conflicts like the War of 1812. The growing number of businesses were the result of advances in manufacturing, transportation, and communication, as well as conflicts like the War of 1812. Cities in the North grew as well, as people moved from rural areas to find work in factories. Cities in the North grew as well, as people moved from rural areas to find work in factories.

15. Life in the North The success of the northern economy was not dependent on slavery. The success of the northern economy was not dependent on slavery. By the mid-1800’s, an increasing number of northerners opposed slavery. By the mid-1800’s, an increasing number of northerners opposed slavery. People called abolitionists wanted to end, or abolish, slavery in the South. People called abolitionists wanted to end, or abolish, slavery in the South.

16. Life in the North Famous Abolitionists Frederick DouglassWilliam Lloyd Garrison Published “The Liberator” Harriet Beecher Stowe Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad

17. Life in the North Some northerners helped slaves escape to the North and to Canada, where slavery had been illegal since 1833. Some northerners helped slaves escape to the North and to Canada, where slavery had been illegal since 1833.

18. Tensions over Slavery Slavery became a major issue in the United States during the 1850’s. Slavery became a major issue in the United States during the 1850’s. During this time, a series of laws and cases relating to slavery heightened tensions over the issue During this time, a series of laws and cases relating to slavery heightened tensions over the issue

19. Tensions over Slavery A group of laws known as the Compromise of 1850 gave new territories the power to decide for themselves whether they wanted slavery. A group of laws known as the Compromise of 1850 gave new territories the power to decide for themselves whether they wanted slavery. They made the newly created state of California a free state. They made the newly created state of California a free state. The Compromise of 1850 also required people in free states to return escaped slaves to their owners in slave states. The Compromise of 1850 also required people in free states to return escaped slaves to their owners in slave states.

20. Compromise of 1850

21. Tensions over Slavery A law passed in 1854, called the Kansas- Nebraska Act, gave the people of these two new territories the power to decide whether slavery would be permitted there. A law passed in 1854, called the Kansas- Nebraska Act, gave the people of these two new territories the power to decide whether slavery would be permitted there. Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery proponents clashed violently, earning the territory the nickname “Bleeding Kansas”. Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery proponents clashed violently, earning the territory the nickname “Bleeding Kansas”. The violence only ebbed after Kansas was admitted to the Union as a free state in 1861. The violence only ebbed after Kansas was admitted to the Union as a free state in 1861.

22. Tensions over Slavery An important court case in 1857 showed that the issue of slavery would be difficult to solve in the courts or in Congress. An important court case in 1857 showed that the issue of slavery would be difficult to solve in the courts or in Congress. In the Dred Scott Decision, the Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney, declared that no black person could be a U.S. citizen. In the Dred Scott Decision, the Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney, declared that no black person could be a U.S. citizen.

23. Tensions over Slavery This meant that enslaved people could not claim freedom just because they lived in a free state, as former slave Dred Scott had attempted. This meant that enslaved people could not claim freedom just because they lived in a free state, as former slave Dred Scott had attempted. The court also said that Congress did not have the power to outlaw slavery in U.S. territories, due to the Fifth Amendment. The court also said that Congress did not have the power to outlaw slavery in U.S. territories, due to the Fifth Amendment.

24. Southern Secession Northern politicians who opposed slavery were upset over the case. Northern politicians who opposed slavery were upset over the case. In 1854 they formed the Republican Party. In 1854 they formed the Republican Party. The first Republican president, Abraham Lincoln, was elected in 1860. The first Republican president, Abraham Lincoln, was elected in 1860. With a Republican in the White House, leaders in the South knew their way of life was in danger. With a Republican in the White House, leaders in the South knew their way of life was in danger.

25. Southern Secession Abraham Lincoln First Republican president Opposed new states being slave states

26. Southern Secession In December of 1860, South Carolina seceded, or broke away from the Union, declaring that it was no longer part of the United States. In December of 1860, South Carolina seceded, or broke away from the Union, declaring that it was no longer part of the United States. In January 1861, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana also seceded. They formed a new country, the Confederate States of America, or the Confederacy. In January 1861, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana also seceded. They formed a new country, the Confederate States of America, or the Confederacy.

27. Southern Secession Jefferson Davis, a former senator from Mississippi, was elected president of the Confederacy. Jefferson Davis, a former senator from Mississippi, was elected president of the Confederacy. Between March and April, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee also joined the Confederacy. Between March and April, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee also joined the Confederacy.

28. Southern Secession Soon, the Union was left with just 23 states. Soon, the Union was left with just 23 states. States that lay on the boundary between the North and South were known as border states. Including Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri. States that lay on the boundary between the North and South were known as border states. Including Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri. The border states tried to stay neutral, but most ended up with loyalties to the Union. The border states tried to stay neutral, but most ended up with loyalties to the Union.

29. 1.What part of the southern economy was dependent on slavery? A.large factories B.small family farms C.trade with European countries D.plantations

30. 1.What part of the southern economy was dependent on slavery? D. plantations

31. 2. Which region made up the Confederate States of America? A.New England B.most of the South C.unorganized territories in the West D.Canada

32. 2. Which region made up the Confederate States of America? B. most of the South

33. 3. Abolitionists were A.people from northern states who opposed slavery. B.government leaders of the Confederate States. C.people from rural areas in the North and South. D.slave owners who wanted to secede from the Union.

34. 3. Abolitionists were A. people from Northern states who opposed slavery.