1. Chapter 59 Chapter 59 Oral Bone Loss and Systemic Osteoporosis: Weighing the Risk Benefit Ratio of Treatment Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2. FIGURE 59.1 Schematic representation of the anatomy of the tooth and alveolar bone. 2

3. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 59.2 Radiographic of a mandibular first molar exhibiting severe alveolar bone loss. 3

4. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 59.3 (A) Panoramic radiographic of an edentulous mandible with relatively normal residual ridge height. (B) Panoramic radiographic of a mandible with severe residual ridge resorption. 4

5. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 59.4 Example of the use of digital subtraction radiography to enhance visualization and measure changes in alveolar bone. 5

6. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 59.5 Cross-sectional slices from computed tomography of the posterior mandible. Note the knife-edged ridge and visualization of the mandibular nerve. 6

7. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 59.6 Three-dimensional computed tomography of an edentulous mandible. 7

8. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 59.7 Prevalence of attachment loss with age. 8

9. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 59.8 Osseointegrated dental implant. 9