1. JRC-AL – Expert Meeting on Cat.4D reporting – 21/22.10.2004 ESTIMATION OF N 2 O EMISSIONS FROM CROP RESIDUES USING IPCC TIER 1a AND TIER 1b METHODS Adrian Leip Joint Research Centre

2. JRC-AL – Expert Meeting on Cat.4D reporting – 21/22.10.2004 IPCC METHODOLOGY FOR DIRECT EMISSIONS OF N2O FROM AGRICULTURAL SOILS IPCC APPROACH TIER 1a: ProductFrac R Frac N Non N-Fixing0.450.015 N-Fixing0.450.030 converts Crop O and Crop BF to total aboveground crop residue and product. fraction of crop residue that is removed from the field as crop (kg N/kg crop-N) (IPCC,1997) fraction of total aboveground crop biomass that is removed from the field as crop. (IPCC 2000) estimates fraction of nitrogen present in the crop

3. JRC-AL – Expert Meeting on Cat.4D reporting – 21/22.10.2004 crop specific IPCC APPROACH TIER 1b: explicit included replaces 2*(1-FracR) other uses expanded

4. JRC-AL – Expert Meeting on Cat.4D reporting – 21/22.10.2004 ProductFracRFracDMFracCFracN Wheat1.30.82-0.880.48530.28% Barley1.20.82-0.880.45670.43% Maize1.00.70-0.860.47090.81% Oats1.30.920.70% Rye1.60.900.48% Rice1.40.82-0.880.41440.67% Millet1.40.85-0.920.70% Sorghum1.40.911.08% Peas1.50.871.42% Beans2.10.82-0.89 Soybean2.10.84-0.892.30% Potatoes0.40.42261.10% Feedbeet0.30.40722.28% Table 4.16 - IPCC 2001 Tier 1a Non N-Fixing1.5% N-Fixing3.0% If a default residue nitrogen content is needed for a crop type for which a value is not provided in Table 4.16, the non-crop specific default values for N-fixing and Non-N-fixing crops that are listed in Table 4-19 of the Reference Manual of the IPCC Guidelines can be used (0.03 and 0.015 kg N/kg dry matter, respectively). (IPCC, 2000)

5. JRC-AL – Expert Meeting on Cat.4D reporting – 21/22.10.2004 ? Unit of factor 2: kg dry total biomass / kg dry biomass in crop product Unit of Frac R : kg N in crop residue / kg N dry total biomass The IPCC Guidelines present a default value for FracR of 0.45 that is not consistent with the default value presented for aboveground crop residue and product. If FracR = 0.45, then 55% of the residue plus crop product mass equals residue. However, if residue plus crop product mass equals 2 times the crop product, then 50% of the residue plus crop product mass equals residue. (IPCC 2000, p. 4.59)

6. JRC-AL – Expert Meeting on Cat.4D reporting – 21/22.10.2004 Nitrogen fractions [kg N (kg dry matter) -1 ]

7. JRC-AL – Expert Meeting on Cat.4D reporting – 21/22.10.2004 EMISSIONS OF N 2 O FROM CROP RESIDUES [Gg N 2 O] BEDKDEGRESFRIEITNLATPTSEFI UK 1)The German values are calculated with national data expressed in kg N/ha of crop produced, and therefore not directly comparable with the other values 2)Spain uses a methodology developed by allocating the total amount of nitrogen extracted by the plants (calculated estimated in particular for the plant fractions burnt or buried into the soil (Ferreiro, 2003) Tier 1a (default values) 2.83.523.12.98.429.21.111.54.42.31.12.31.59.6 Tier 1b (default values) 0.51.29.61.33.912.20.33.90.60.90.30.80.63.5 CRF 2002 2.41.03.9 1) 0.52.1 2) 9.40.42.8NE0.50.31.30.58.7

8. JRC-AL – Expert Meeting on Cat.4D reporting – 21/22.10.2004 RECOMMENDATIONS (i) The default values presented in Tier 1a and Tier 1b methods yield large discrepancies in the emission estimates Default values for the nitrogen fraction in crop residues need to be streamlined.

9. JRC-AL – Expert Meeting on Cat.4D reporting – 21/22.10.2004 RECOMMENDATIONS (ii) The list of default parameter for calculating N 2 O emissions from crop residues does not reflect the complete cropping pattern in many countries. (a) MS are encouraged to deliver a list of important crops for which default values should be proposed (b) The guidelines should expand the list of default parameter for N 2 O emissions from crop residues.

10. JRC-AL – Expert Meeting on Cat.4D reporting – 21/22.10.2004 RECOMMENDATIONS (iii) National parameters are important for assuring high quality of the estimate for N 2 O emissions from crop residues. They are usually reported in the National Inventory Reports. A link / the use of background Table4.F would ensure a more transparent reporting of N 2 O emissions from crop residues.

11. JRC-AL – Expert Meeting on Cat.4D reporting – 21/22.10.2004 parenthesis: Countries which have reported burning of crop residues … CountryFrac BURN Frac LEACH Frac NCRBF Frac NCRO Frac R Austria 1%30%0.5%1.5%34.1% Greece 10%30%0.0% Italy 10%30%3.0%1.5%45.0% Portugal 10%27%1.3%2.3%79.9% Norway 15%18%NE Estonia 90%30%1.5%3.0%55.0% Hungary 9%30%3.0%1.5%45.0% Latvia 10%30%1.5%3.0%45.0% Bulgaria 10% 3.0%1.5%10.0% Croatia 10%30%1.5%3.0%45.0% Romania 25%30%1.5%3.0%45.0%

12. JRC-AL – Expert Meeting on Cat.4D reporting – 21/22.10.2004 RECOMMENDATIONS (iv) Intercrops are common in certain regions of Europe and affect largely timing and rate of nitrogen input. The use of intercrops should be reflected in the guidelines.

13. JRC-AL – Expert Meeting on Cat.4D reporting – 21/22.10.2004 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !